Human Behavior and Victimology------.pdf

• Explain the dynamics of human behavior and stages of
the human development based on:
a. Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory (Erik
Erikson)
b. Cognitive Developmental Theory (Jean Piaget)
c. Behaviorism (B.F. Skinner)
d. Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)
e. Cognitive-Behavioral Theory
f. Humanistic Theory (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers)

1. Human Behavior
And
Victimology
Rizalene D. Tatad

2. •Explain the dynamics of human behavior and stages of
the human development based on:
a.Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory (Erik
Erikson)
b.Cognitive Developmental Theory (Jean Piaget)
c.Behaviorism (B.F. Skinner)
d.Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)
e.Cognitive-Behavioral Theory
f.Humanistic Theory (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers)
TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

3. •Illustrate proficiency in managing individuals with mental
and personality disorders such as: Substance Use
Disorders, Schizophrenia, Depression, Post Traumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD), Personality Disorders
•Analyze the concept and theories of victimization,
delving into the multifaceted aspects of victim roles,
victim profiling, and cybercrime victimization.
•Evaluate the strategies and provisions for victim's
protection outlined in RA 9262 and RA 6981 (Witness
Protection Program)
TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

4. Q.The aggregate observable responses of an organism to
internal and external stimuli refers to ____.
A.human behavior
B.behavior
C.personality
D.attribute
B

5. Behavior
-anything that you do that can be directly observed,
measured, and repeated
-observable responses to stimuli
Human Behavior
-sum total of man’s reaction to his environment
-the manner, the way in which a human reacts to his
environment

6. What structure of the brain is responsible for the
emotions and behavioral responses?
a. Thalamus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Cerebellar
d. Cerebrum
B

8. Q. What is the scientific study of mental, emotional, and
behavioral disorders as well as abnormal behavior?
a.Pathology
b.Psychopathology
c.Psychiatry
d.Psychology
B

9. Characteristics of abnormal person:
•Deviation of statistical norms - population facts are
measured such as height, weight and intelligence
•Deviation from social norms - culture has certain
standards for acceptable behavior
•Behavior as maladaptive
a.Maladaptive to one's self - inability to reach goals or
to adapt to the demands of life.
b.Maladaptive to society - disruption to social group
functioning
•Abnormal behavior due to personal distress - subjective
feelings, personal distress

10. Symptoms of Abnormal Behavior
a. Long Periods of Discomfort - distressing feelings,
however, persist for an extended period of time and
seem to be unrelated
b. Impaired Functioning - passing period or prolonged
inefficiency which seems unexplainable
c. Bizarre behavior - has no rational basis; individual is
confused and frequently results to hallucinations or
delusions
d. Disruptive Behavior - impulsive, uncontrollable
behavior that disrupts the lives of others or deprives
them of their human rights on a regular basis

11. Characteristics of a normal person:
•Efficient perception of reality
•Self-knowledge
•Ability to exercise voluntary control over his behavior
•Self-esteem and acceptance
•Productivity
•Ability to form affectionate relationship with others

12. Q.It is a behavior which involves cognitive adaptation
that enhances the human being’s ability to cope with
changes in the environment and to manipulate the
environment.
a.Inherited
b.Economic
c.Learned
d.Biological
C

13. •Inherited (Inborn) behavior – inherited capabilities or
the process of natural selection
•Learned (Operant) behavior – knowing or adaptation
that enhances ability to cope with changes in the
environment

14. Q. Under the first stage in Erik Erikson’s theory of
psychosocial development, during this stage, the infant is
uncertain about the world in which they live, and looks
towards their primary caregiver for stability and
consistency of care and may develop either _____.
a. trust or mistrust
b. integrity or despair
c. autonomy or doubt
d. generativity or stagnation
A

15. Psychosocial Development Theory
• Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy from birth to 18
months)
- infant is utterly dependent, developing trust is
based on the dependability and quality of the
child's caregivers
• Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler
years from 18 months to three years)
- children need to develop a sense of personal
control over physical skills and a sense of
independence

16. • Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool years from three
to five)
- children begin to assert their power and control
over the world through directing play and other
social interactions
• Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (Middle school years
from six to 11)
- children begin to develop a sense of pride in their
accomplishments and abilities

17. • Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion (Teen from 12 to 18)
- development of sense of personal identity
• Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adult years from
18 to 40)
- success leads to strong relationships, while failure
results in loneliness and isolation

18. • Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle age from
40 to 65)
- success leads to feelings of usefulness and
accomplishment, while failure results in shallow
involvement in the world
• Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair (Older adulthood from
65 to death)
- people look back on the events of their lives and
determine if they are happy with the life that they
lived or if they regret the things they did or didn't
do

19. Cognitive Developmental Theory
-children's thinking and knowledge evolve through
distinct stages by actively interacting with their
environment
Key concepts:
a.Schemas - mental frameworks for organizing
information
b.Assimilation - fitting new information into existing
schemas
c.Accommodation - modifying schemas to incorporate
new information

20. Q. The theory of cognitive development by Jean Piaget
suggests that children move through four different stages
of intellectual development which reflect the increasing
sophistication of children’s thought. Arrange this
development: I - Formal operational; II – Sensorimotor; III
- Concrete operational; IV – Preoperational.
a. I, III, II, IV
b. I, II, III, IV
c. II, IV, III, I
d. II, I, III, IVC

21. Staircase Model
•Sensorimotor Intelligence, from birth to age 2
-infants absorb information through their senses
(object permanence
•Preoperational Thinking, from ages 2 to 7
-symbolic thinking (pretend play)
•Concrete Operational Thinking, from ages 7 to 11
-can make logical conclusions

23. Staircase Model
•Sensorimotor Intelligence, from birth to age 2
-infants absorb information through their senses
(object permanence
•Preoperational Thinking, from ages 2 to 7
-pretend play; egocentrism
•Concrete Operational Thinking, from ages 7 to 11
-can make logical conclusions
•Formal Operational Thinking, from age 11 on
-reason more abstractly, systematically, and
hypothetically

24. Q. According to B.F. Skinner’s theory of behaviorism, what
is the primary determinant of whether a specific criminal
act will be repeated?
a.Repressed childhood trauma
b.Consequences that instantly follow
c.Genetic predisposition
d.Social pressure and labeling
B

25. BF Skinner’s Behaviorism
-learning occurs through rewards and punishments
•Reinforcement – negative or positive event that
strengthens behavior
•Punishment – application of an adverse outcome to
weaken behavior
OPERANT CONDITIONING

26. Q. Which term best describes the core process in Social
Learning Theory where individuals learn new behaviors by
watching others?
a.Classical Conditioning
b.Operant Reinforcement
c.Observational Learning
d.Instinctive Drift
C

27. Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
-people learn new behaviors by observing and imitating
others
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

28. The Four Processes of Observational Learning
•Attention - pay attention to the model's behavior and
actions
•Retention - store and recall the observed behavior
•Reproduction - ability to physically reproduce the
behavior
•Motivation - motivated to perform the behavior

29. Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT)
-based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how
we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all
interact together
-brings about paranoia and delusion due to irrational
belief and thought processes

30. Abraham Maslow’s Humanistic
theory
-centers on Hierarchy of
Needs
-people are driven to become
their best selves once their
lower-level needs are met

31. Q.These are sum total ways in which people master skills
and behavior in order to reduce stress, or other
emotions like depression.
a.Coping mechanism
b.Defense mechanism
c.Scapegoating
d.Frustration
A

32. •Coping mechanisms – sum total of ways in which
people deal with minor to major stress and trauma.
•Defense mechanisms – an individual’s way of reacting
to frustration; methods used by the ego to avoid
recognizing ideas or emotions that may cause personal
anxiety.

33. Q.Ryan always gets bullied in his school for being a nerd.
One day he takes on the attribute of his father who is
a member of the Special Action Force and pushed
away the bullies.
a.Projection
b.Idealization
c.Introjection
d.Fantasizing
C

34. Defense Mechanisms
•Denial of reality – refusal to perceive or face reality
•Fantasy – gratification through imaginary achievement
•Projection – placing blame for difficulties upon others
or attributing one’s own unethical desires to others
•Rationalization – use of excuses; elaborate justification
for what were obviously illogical or immature actions
•Reaction Formation – taking an opposite stand
•Introjection – incorporating external values and
standards even if contrary to one’s own assumption
•Undoing – apologizing for wrongs, repentance, doing
penance and undergoing punishment

35. •Displacement – discharging pent-up emotion on
objects less dangerous
•Sublimation – instinctual drives are diverted into
personally and socially accepted channels
•Acting-out – permitting expression
•Isolation/Intellectualization – cut off the emotions from
a situation
•Regression – revert from a past behavior or retreating
to earlier developmental level
•Repression – ego blocks off threatening thoughts or
desires

36. Q.Mila, a third-year college student is loaded with
projects from her online class. She carefully takes her
favorite teddy bear with her and goes to sleep
cuddling it.
a.Regression
b.Suppression
c.Repression
d.Aggression
A

37. Q.The two-factor theory was known as the best
formulation of explaining the existence of emotion. It
is comprised of cognitive factor and
a.Psychological changes
b.Psychological arousal
c.Physiological factor
d.Physiological response
D

38. Emotion – feelings affective responses as a result of
physiological arousal, thoughts and beliefs and subjective
evaluation.
Theories of Emotion
1.James-Lange Theory – William James and Carl Lange
- emotion occurs after physiological reactions
2.Cannon-Bard Theory – Walter Cannon and Philip Bard
- feel emotions first then act upon them
3.Two Factor Theory – cognitive interpretation of
physiological response
- physiology changes as a result of emotion

39. Q.It refers to anything that produces stress.
A.Stress
B.Stressor
C.Eustress
D.Distress
B

40. Stress – the consequence of the failure of an organism to
respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats
•Stressor – anything that produces stress
•Eustress – good stress
•Distress – negative stress
Types of Short-term Stress
•Acute Time – limited stress that come on suddenly and
are over relatively quickly
•Brief Naturalistic Stress – rise out of other things and
are over quickly

41. Types of Long-term Stress
a.Stressful Event Sequences – chain of challenging
situations
b.Chronic Stress – lacks a clear end point
c.Distant Stress – initiated in the past but continues to
affect immune system

42. Q.One who is deprived completely of reason or
discernment and freedom of the will at the time of the
commission of the crime.
a.Idiot
b.Insane
c.epilepsy
d.Imbecile
B

43. Insanity – inability to appreciate the nature and quality or
wrongfulness of one’s act
•McNaughton Rule
-focuses on whether a criminal defendant knew the
nature of the crime or understood right from
wrong at the time it was committed
•Durham Rule
-states that “an accused is not criminally responsible
if his unlawful act is the product of mental disease
or mental defect”

44. Q.If the person cannot adopt to the society, he may
compromise with reality by developing imaginary
ailments, phobias, obsessions, or compulsions. This
condition is known as;
a. Psyshoses
b. Neurosis
c. Dementia
d. Mental Disorder
B

45. PATTERNS OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
Neurotic patterns
-groups of mild functional personality disorders in
which there is no gross personality disorganization, the
individual does not lose contact with reality, and
hospitalization is not required

46. Q. What is that compelling fear which the sufferer is at
a loss to understand and the origin of which he cannot?
This starts from trauma, that is, with some single shocking
experience and are received or cleared up if at all, by the
recall of the traumatic experience.
a. Anxiety
b. Phobia
c. Paranoia
d. Nervous
B

47. 1.Anxiety Disorders
-commonly known as “neurotic fear”
a.Obsessive-compulsive disorders
-persistent thoughts that can not seem to get out
of mind
b.Asthenic Disorders (Neurasthenia)
-chronic mental and physical fatigue and various
aches and pains
c.Phobic Disorders
-persistent fear on some objects or situation that
present no actual danger to the person

48. When the disorder is characterized by chronic mental and
physical fatigue and by various aches and pains, it is
considered as _____.
a. anxiety disorder
b. amnestic disorder
c. somatoform disorder
d. dissociative disorder
C

49. 2.Somatoform Disorders
-complaints of bodily symptoms that suggest the
presence of physical problem but no organic basis
can be found
a.Hypochondriasis - excessive concern about state of
health or physical condition
b.Psychogenic Pain Disorder - severe and lasting pain
c.Conversion Disorders (Hysteria) - symptoms of some
physical malfunction without any underlying organic
abnormality

50. The disconnection and lack of continuity between
thoughts, memories, identity and surroundings by an
individual is called _____ disorder.
a. anxiety
b. dissociative
c. hallucinogen
d. dementia
B

51. 3.Dissociative Disorders
-loss of connection between thoughts, memories,
feelings, surroundings, behavior and identity
a.Amnesia - partial or total inability to recall or identify
past experiences following a traumatic incident
b.Multiple Personality - “dual personalities”; person
manifests two or more symptoms of personality
usually dramatically different
c.Depersonalization - out of body experience; loss of
sense of self

52. Q. One day he may be cool and withdrawn and the next
day, warm and sociable. This condition may fall into the
disorder known as _____.
a. schizophrenia
b. psychopathic behavior
c. bipolar disorder
d. amnesia
C

53. 4.Mood Disorders
-extreme or inappropriate levels of mood
a.Bipolar Disorders - manic and depressive episodes
b.Cyclothymic Disorder – hypomanic and depressive
symptoms for at least two years
c.Substance-induced mood disorder - due to the effects
of medicine, drug abuse, alcoholism, exposure to
toxins, or other forms of treatment
d.Depressive Disorders - loss of energy

54. Q. Mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty
sleeping is experienced by Nana, a new mom. What kind
of depression is experienced by Nana?
a.Major Depressive Disorder
b.Psychotic Depression
c.Postpartum Depression
d.Agitated Depression
C

55. Depression – illness that causes a person to feel sad and
hopeless much of the time
Different Form of Depression
•Major Depressive Disorder – combination of
symptoms that interfere with a person’s activities
•Dysthymic Disorder – having persistent but less severe
depressive symptoms as major depression
•Psychotic Depression – accompanied by some form of
psychosis like break in reality
•Postpartum Depression – occurs after having a baby

56. •Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) – onset of a
depressive illness during the winter months, when
there is less natural sunlight
•Endogenous Depression – feeling depressed for no
apparent reason
•Situational Depression or Reactive Depression –
symptoms develop in response to a specific stressful
situation or event
•Agitated Depression – physical and emotional
restlessness, irritability and insomnia

57. PSYCHOPATHIC PATTERNS
-group of abnormal behaviors, which typically stemmed
from immature and distorted personality development,
resulting in persistent maladaptive ways of perceiving
and thinking
-generally called “personality or character disorders”

58. Q.A person who tends to misinterpret others'
motivations and behaviors and greatly distrust others
is having what type of personality disorder?
A. Schizoid Personality
B. Anti-social personality disorder
C. Schizotypal Personality
D. Borderline personality disorder
C

59. Cluster A disorders
-odd or eccentric behaviors
•Paranoid Personality – suspiciousness, rigidity, envy,
hypersensitivity, excessive self-importance,
argumentativeness and tendency to blame others for
one’s own mistakes.
•Schizoid Personality – inability to form social
relationship and lack interest in doing so.
•Schizotypal Personality – seclusiveness, oversensitivity,
avoidance of communication and superstitious thinking

60. Q.Personality disorder characterized by a long-term
pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of
others.
A. Criminal behavior
B. Anti-social personality disorder
C. Abnormal behavior
D. Borderline personality disorder
B

61. Cluster B disorders
-dramatic or emotional
•Histrionic Personality – immaturity, excitability,
emotional instability and self-dramatization.
•Narcissistic Personality – exaggerated sense of self-
importance and pre-occupation with receiving
attention.
•Borderline Personality – instability reflected in drastic
mood shifts and behavior problems.
•Anti-social Personality – continuing violation of the
rights of others through aggressive, anti-social behavior
with out remorse or loyalty to anyone.

62. Q.Ana has been submissive and excessively worries
about rejection and abandonment from his husband.
This has caused her to be abused. What personality
disorder exists in Ana?
A. Histrionic Personality
B. Compulsive Personality
C. Dependent Personality
D. Borderline personality disorder
C

63. Cluster C with behaviors
-anxious or fearful
•Avoidant Personality – characterized by
hypersensitivity to rejection and apprehensive
alertness to any sign of social derogation.
•Dependent Personality – characterized by extreme
dependence on other people – there is acute
discomfort and even panic to be alone.
•Compulsive Personality – characterized by excessive
concern with rules, order, and efficiency that everyone
does things their way and an ability to express warm
feeling.
•Passive-Aggressive Personality – characterized by being
hostile express in indirect and non-violent ways.

64. PSYCHOTIC PATTERNS
-loss of contact with reality
-abnormalities in thoughts and perceptions

65. Q.An officer responds to a domestic disturbance call
with the wife having symptoms of false perception of a
sensory stimulus that is genuinely present, like
mistaking a coiled garden hose in the dark for a snake.
The wife experiences _____.
a.hallucination
b.delusion
c.synesthesia
d.illusionD

66. 1.Hallucination – false perception in the absence of a
stimulus
2.Illusion – false interpretation of a stimulus
3.Delusion – false system of beliefs that persists despite
evidence to the contrary
-unshakable belief in something that’s untrue
4.Paranoia – involves intense anxious or fearful feelings
and thoughts often related to persecution, threat, or
conspiracy

67. Schizophrenia
-“mental deterioration”, “dementia praecox”, or “split
mind,” extreme thinking disturbance
-disorganized thinking and behavior (bizarre)

68. Q. What mental health condition is triggered by a
terrifying event, causing flashbacks, nightmares and severe
anxiety?
a. Psychoneurosis
b. Phobic disorder
c. Post-traumatic stress disorder
d. Histrionic personality disorder
C

69. •Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - a mental
health condition that's caused by an extremely
stressful or terrifying event — either being part of it
or witnessing it.
•Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
-inattention (not being able to keep focus)
-hyperactivity (excess movement that is not fitting
to the setting)
-impulsivity (hasty acts that occur in the moment
without thought)

70. 1. A police officer responds to a call involving a person
who appears to be disoriented, frightened, acts
erratically and claims to hear voices. Which mental
disorder is this person MOST likely suffering from?
a. Substance Use Disorder
b. Depression
c. Schizophrenia
d. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
C

71. 2. Which theory would be helpful for a police officer to
understand the behavior of a suspect who exhibits
signs of paranoia and delusions?
a. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
b. Skinner’s Behaviorism
c. Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental
d. Cognitive-Behavioral
D

72. 3. Despite being repeatedly convicted for fraud and
scams, Ace expresses no remorse to his victims.
Applying Erikson’s Psychosocial Development theory,
which stage in behavioral analysis of unresolved conflict
that Ace exhibits?
a. Generativity vs. Stagnation
b. Industry vs. Inferiority
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Identity vs. Role confusion
C

73. 4. A young adult with a history of Conduct Disorder
(CD) during adolescence is now showing signs of Anti-
Social Personality Disorder (ASPD). Analyzing the
phenomenon which statement describes BEST this
behavioral problem?
a. CD is a milder form of ASPD, and individuals with CD
always develop ASPD
b. CD and ASPD are completely unrelated disorders
c. ASPD is a childhood disorder that can be resolved by
adulthood
d. CD is a precursor to ASPD, early intervention can
prevent its developmentD

74. 5. A parole officer is working with both substance use
disorder and depression. Analyze this from a treatment
perspective, which approach is likely the MOST
effective in handling this case?
a. Implementing a strict behavioral modification program
to address both issues
b. Prioritizing treatment for drug use disorder, then
addressing the depression.
c. Focusing on the depression, as it may be the cause of
the substance abuse.
d. Addressing disorders simultaneously through an
integrated treatment program. C

75. 6. Erikson’s thesis founded on what he call the epigenetic
principle. What is meant by epigenetic?
a. Selecting desired heritable traits in order to better
future generations.
b. Creating and utilizing low-temperature phenomena.
c. Collecting theories and therapeutic practices dealing
with mental problems.
d. Studying how environmental and other variables
influence gene expression.
D

76. 7. A juvenile court counselor emphasizes to a young
offender that their criminal path may be due to a
failure to fulfill needs for safety and belonging within
their home life. Which theorist's concept is the
counselor applying?
a.Hierarchy of Needs
b.Social Learning
c.Client-Centered Therapy
d.Operant Conditioning
A

77. 8. Children learn behavior by observing others and
whether or not these children receive positive
rewards from their activities. What will be the
outcome if these two factors are met?
a. Reject the behavior to gain the same negative rewards.
b. Imitate the behavior to gain same positive rewards.
c. Imitate the behavior to gain the negative rewards.
d. Reject the behavior to gain the same positive reward.
B

78. 9. Romeo is a defense lawyer for accused Dado who is
suffering from a mental disorder. Which argument may
be used by Romeo to mitigate Dado's disability?
a. Mental disorder has no impact on the decision-making
or behavior.
b. Mental disorder may have impaired judgment and
ability to control impulses.
c. Mental disorder would result in automatic acquittal
regardless of crime.
d. Mental disorder completely excuses anyone from any
responsibility. B

79. 10. A social worker is assisting a homeless man
struggling with substance abuse and displays
symptoms of schizophrenia. Which approach would
the social worker consider as applicable to the man’s
situation?
a. Holistic approach to address housing, mental health,
drug abuse and rehabilitation.
b. Provide substance abuse treatment as drugs is the
root cause of the problems.
c. Focus on housing assistance, as stable housing is the
top priority.
d. Address schizophrenia symptoms exclusively through
medication management.
A

80. A woman who accidentally left her car door open and left
her purse in plain view while she went inside the
supermarket and had it stolen allows for _____.
a. victim precipitation
b. victim provocation
c. victim facilitation
d. victimization

81. Roles of Victims
•Victim precipitation - responsible for his own
victimization
•Victim facilitation - unintentionally makes it easier for
an offender to commit a crime
•Victim provocation - does something that incites
another person to commit an illegal act

82. A woman who accidentally left her car door open and left
her purse in plain view while she went inside the
supermarket and had it stolen allows for _____.
a. victim precipitation
b. victim provocation
c. victim facilitation
d. victimization
C

83. Q. This victim directly suffers the harm or injury which is
physical, psychological, and economic losses.
a.Elementary Crime Victim
b.Primary Crime Victim
c.Secondary Crime Victim
d.Tertiary Crime Victims
B

84. Crime Victim
- any person, group, or entity who has suffered injury or
loss which may be physical, psychological or economic
due to illegal activity
1.Direct or Primary Crime Victim – directly suffers the
harm or injury
2.Indirect or Secondary Crime Victim –experience the
harm second hand
3.Tertiary Crime Victim – experience the harm
vicariously such as through media accounts, watching
the news regarding crime incidents

85. They are easy targets for victimization since they are
simple-minded persons.
a. minorities
b. wanton
c. dull normal
d. tormentor
C

86. Victim profiling - an investigative technique to analyze the
demographic and personal characteristics of crime victims
to understand their vulnerability to victimization and to
help predict offender behavior and identify perpetrators

87. Types of Victims
•Young – physically weaker
•Females – physically weaker than men
•Old – many of the same vulnerabilities as children
•Immigrants – foreigners
•Depressed – exposed to danger
•Dull normal – simple-minded persons
•Mentally defective/deranged – feeble-minded, "insane“
•The acquisitive – greedy, looking for quick gains
•Minorities – racially disadvantaged
•Wanton – promiscuous persons
•The lonesome and heartbroken – widows
•Tormentor – abusive parents
•The blocked, exempted, and fighting – exposed to
continual financial loss or physical harm

88. Q. A stranger tried to take sexual advances on Jana and
was hit with a big stone by a passerby which caused his
death, became what type of victim established by
Mendelsohn?
a. victim with minor guilt
b. victim as guilty as offender
c. victim guiltier than offender
d. most guilty victim
D

89. •Completely innocent victim – no provocative or
facilitative behaviors
•Victim with minor guilt – inadvertently places himself
in a compromising situation
•Victim as guilty as offender – engages in vice crimes
and is hurt, including suicide victims
•Victim guiltier than offender – provokes or instigates
the causal act
•Most guilty victim – starts off as the offender and in
turn, is hurt
•Imaginary victim – pretends to be a victim

90. Q.Which refers to that theory which views victimology
from the standpoint that victims themselves may
actually initiate the criminal act which ultimately leads
to injury?
a. Victim precipitation
b. Routine activity theory
c. Lifestyle theory
d. Deviant place theory
A

91. Victimology theory
•Victim precipitation theory - people may actually
initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their
injury or death
•Lifestyle Theory - people may become crime victims
because their lifestyle increases their exposure to
criminal offenders
•Deviant Place Theory - victims are victim prone
because they reside in socially disorganized high-crime
areas where they have the greatest risk of coming into
contact with criminal offenders
•Routine Activities Theory - crime occurs when a
motivated offender encounters a suitable target in the
absence of a capable guardian

92. Q. A young woman who is fond of walking alone late at
night in a high-crime area is robbed. Which
victimization theory explains her situation?
a. Deviant place
b. Victim precipitation
c. Routine activities
d. Lifestyle or pattern
D

93. •Victim blaming - social phenomenon where individuals
or groups hold victims responsible for the harm or
misfortune they experience
•Victim-offender overlap - a concept where individuals
who experience victimization also become offenders
•Cybercrime victimization - when individuals,
organizations, or governments are harmed by illegal
activities conducted online, through digital devices, or
via networks

94. In the context of cybercrime victimization, which type of
crime is MOST likely to involve a latent victim?
a. Cyberbullying
b. Identity theft
c. Cyberstalking
d. Online harassment
B

95. Protection of victims
Persons protected by R.A. 9262
•Wife
•Former Wife
•A woman with whom the offender has or had sexual
relations with
•A woman with whom the offender has a common child
with
•The legitimate or illegitimate child of the woman
within or without the family abode

96. What can women and children do?
-file a criminal action
-apply for a Protection Order

97. Q. It refers to an order of the court requiring the
offender to desist from committing any act of violence
repeated against women and their children, including
economic abuse, physical violence, repeated verbal
abuse, or destroying her property.
a.Temporary Protection Order
b.Temporary Probation Order
c.Temporary Petition Order
d.Temporary Restraining Order
A

98. Protection Order - serve the purpose of safeguarding the
victim from further harm, minimizing any disruption in the
victim's daily life, and facilitating the opportunity and
ability of the victim to independently regain control over
her life
Barangay Protection Order (BPO) – 15 days
Temporary Protection Order (TPO) – 30 days
Permanent Protection Order (PPO)

99. Q. Which benefit can a witness avail under the Witness
Protection Program pursuant to RA 6981?
a. A new identity with complete background history
b. Guaranteed employment in a government agency
c. Financial assistance and livelihood support
d. Free housing for life
C

100. WITNESS PROTECTION PROGRAM
Witness - any person who testifies under oath or
affirmation about facts in dispute or other matters
relevant to the case
Republic Act No. 6981
-Witness Protection, Security, and Benefit Act)

101. Rights and benefits of a witness:
a. secure housing facility
b. relocation and/or change of personal identity
c. assist in obtaining means of livelihood; financial
assistance
d. not removed from or demoted in work
e. paid his salaries
f. with reasonable traveling expenses and subsistence
allowance
g. with free medical treatment
h. heirs shall be entitled to a burial benefit of not less
than 10,000 pesos
i. minor or dependent children shall be entitled to free
education, from primary to college

102. Q. When several persons are co-accused for a crime
committed, what is that requirement that must be satisfied
in order that one or more of those accused can qualify as
state witness?
a. he appears to be the least guilty
b. he seems to be not guilty
c. he does not appear to be the most guilty
d. not more than two accused can be state witness
C

103. State Witness
-any person who has participated in the commission
of a crime and desires to be a Witness provided:
a.offense is a grave felony
b.there is absolute necessity for his testimony;
c.there is no other direct evidence available
d.testimony can be substantially corroborated in its
material points
e.does not appear to be the most guilty
f.has not at any time been convicted of any crime
involving moral turpitude

104. What happens when he testifies in favor of the
government?
-immune from criminal prosecution and be provided
with rights and benefits
What will happen to a witness who refuses or fails to
testify?
-arrested or detained and prosecuted for perjury or
contempt

105. 1. Which is NOT a benefit of a witness under the
Witness Protection Program?
a. Promotion in the workplace.
b. Deceased/disabled dependents of witness are entitled
to free education.
c. Security protection and escort services.
d. Assistance in obtaining a means of livelihood.
A

106. 2. A woman is physically and emotionally abused but is
hesitant to leave the relationship due to financial
dependence. Which legal remedy can provide her with
protection and financial security?
a. Get temporary restraining order to prohibit abuser
from contacting her.
b. Apply for DSWD financial assistance.
c. Request a Barangay Protection Order against
immediate threat of violence.
d. Seek permanent protection and long-term financial
support.D

107. 3. DANSOY attempted to rob CAMBA who was walking
home from work. Instead of willingly giving the
offender his wallet, CAMBA pulled out a gun and shot
DANSOY. This exemplifies _____.
a. victim precipitation
b. victim provocation
c. victim facilitation
d. victimizationB

108. 4. Mika, a victim of domestic violence is blamed by her
family members for provoking her abusive partner.
Which victimization is exemplified in this situation?
a. Victim precipitation
b. Victim blaming
c. Victim profiling
d. Secondary victimization
B

109. 5. In Routine Activities Theory, which would likely reduce
against the risk of houses getting victimized by “akyat
bahay gang”?
a. Reduce the number of items of value in the home
b. Implement neighborhood watch programs
c. Increase the severity of punishment for “akyat-bahay
gang”
d. Provide counseling services for potential offenders
B

110. 6. A judge is determining the applicable sentence of an
offender with history of substance abuse and mental
illness. Based on the offender-victim overlap concept,
which factor should the judge consider?
a. Propensity for future offending if underlying causes are
not addressed
b. Victim's desire for a harsh punishment.
c. Public’s perception of the crime and support to the
victim
d. Socioeconomic status and educational background of
offenderA

111. 7. Which BEST exemplifies the relationship between
substance abuse and victimization?
a. Drug abuse always leads to victimization.
b. Intoxication has no impact on the likelihood of
victimization.
c. Crime victims are more likely to develop substance
abuse problems.
d. Substance abuse can increase vulnerability to
victimization.D

112. 8. A witness to a high-profile crime is hesitant to testily
due to fear of retaliation. Applying the provisions of
RA 6981, which intervention would be MOST
appropriate encourage the witness cooperation to
testify?
a. Offer the witness a cash reward for their testimony.
b. Promise the witness a reduced sentence for any
pending criminal charges.
c. Ensure anonymity, provide relocation, security
measures for witness and family.
d. Threaten witnesses with legal consequences if they
refuse to testify.C

113. 9. What will happen to a witness admitted into the
Witness protection Program but ultimately refuses or
fails to testify?
a. Entitled to burial benefits in case he dies.
b. Will be awarded secure housing facility.
c. Will be given immunity from criminal prosecution.
d. May be taken into custody or arrested and charged
with contempt or perjury.
D

114. 10. Despite a protection order issued to a woman against
her abusive husband under RA 9262, the latter
continues to harass the former. What should the
woman do?
a. Get a protective agent under the Witness Protection
Program
b. File another complaint with the barangay against the
husband.
c. Report the violation and seek the enforcement the
protection order
d. Has no further legal recourse, she must endure the
harassmentC

115. 11. A protection order is a writ granted under the law
with the intention of stopping future acts of violence
against a woman or her child. Which is NOT a
purpose of protection order?
a. Enabling the victim to reclaim her life and the
opportunity to do so.
b. Providing an opportunity for the woman to find an
ideal spouse/partner.
c. Minimizing any disruption in the victim’s daily life.
d. Safeguarding the victim from further harm.B

116. 12. A victim advocacy group is pushing for amendments
of RA 6981 to strengthen witness protection. Based
on current challenges, which amendment would be
MOST relevant?
a. Establish a dedicated mental health support for
witnesses under the WPP.
b. Increase financial assistance provided to witnesses and
their families.
c. Expand security measures such as safe houses outside
the country
d. Extend duration of witness protection beyond the
current time limit.A

117. 13. Which approach is effective in addressing the issue of
social media and cyberbullying?
a. Social media as a medium of bullying needs holistic
and multi-faceted approach.
b. Social media should not be blamed, it is the
responsibility of individual users.
c. Cyberbullying is a minor issue that does not cause
significant harm to victims.
d. Social media as a tool for cyberbullying thus all
concerned should be held liableA

118. 14. A young woman is mugged on her way home at night
in a dimly lit area. According to the Lifestyle theory,
which factor MOST significantly contributed to her
victimization?
a. Dark night and alone
b. Victim’s weak gender
c. Absence of guardian
d. Time and location
D

119. 15. In evaluating the long-term effectiveness of the Witness
Protection Program (WPP), which outcome would be
considered the MOST significant indicator of success?
a. Number of security measures provided to witnesses
under the program.
b. Conviction rate of cases involving protected witnesses.
c. Rate of successful reintegration of witnesses into
society after leaving the WPP.
d. Number of witnesses admitted into the programs.C