Human behavior, characteristics and domins of human behaviour

Human behavior encompasses the wide range of actions, thoughts, and emotions exhibited by individuals, shaped by a combination of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. It reflects how people respond to their surroundings, interact with others, and make decisions. At its core, human behavior is influenced by the interplay of genetics and upbringing, as well as broader societal norms and cultural values. For instance, intrinsic factors like personality traits, cognitive processes, and emotional states govern individual actions, while external influences such as peer pressure, societal expectations, and situational contexts further modulate behavior.

One of the defining features of human behavior is its adaptability. Humans can adjust their responses based on new information, changing environments, or interpersonal dynamics. This flexibility is a product of both evolutionary processes and learned experiences. Behavior can be categorized into various forms, such as social (interactions with others), moral (adhering to societal values), and adaptive (responding to change).

Motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, plays a crucial role in shaping behavior. While intrinsic motivation stems from personal satisfaction or curiosity, extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards like recognition or monetary gain. Additionally, psychological theories like Maslow’s hierarchy of needs suggest that behavior is influenced by the desire to fulfill fundamental needs such as safety, love, and self-actualization.

Understanding human behavior is vital for various fields, including psychology, sociology, and business, as it helps in predicting actions, resolving conflicts, and fostering effective communication. While behavior is often consistent within specific patterns, individuals also exhibit unpredictability, making human behavior a complex yet fascinating area of study. It highlights the dynamic interaction between the internal mind and the external world, showcasing the diverse nature of human experiences

1. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR - DOMAINS AND COMPONENTS OF BEHAVIOUR

2. Behaviour is the way in which we conduct ourselves -the way in which we act . Our behaviour is influenced by our feelings, judgments, beliefs, motivations, needs, experience and opinions of others. Human behavior refers to the range of activities exhibited by humans and which are influenced by culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, rapport and genetic factors.

3. Human behavior, in general is the potential and expressed capacity for physical, mental, and social activity during the phases of human life. Behavior is a function of people and environment . Environment creates stimulus situation , it is human nature to respond stimulus situation.  Behavior can be defined as a response/s which is observed directly/indirectly. Direct observation is possible by studying the responses of people to a work environment. Indirect observations are decisions

4. Behavior can be defined as the actions or reactions of a person in response to external or internal stimulus situation. We understand behavior when we know that what is caused or made the person do it. We evaluate behavior when we approve or disapprove it. Both understanding and evaluation is a common reaction that individual engage daily. According to Crowder “Behavior is any activity which can be observed, recorded and measured, this includes first what living beings or organisms do- that is their movement in space”.

5. Patterns of behaviour develop through our reactions to events and actions over a period of time. Behaviour consist of four components: Motivation: Modes of thinking: Modes of acting: Modes of interacting:

6. Characteristics of behaviour Behavior serves two purposes: (1) to get something or (2) to avoid something. All behavior is learned . Behavior is an action that is observable and measurable . Behavior is observable. It is what we see or hear, such as a person sitting down, standing up, speaking, whispering, yelling, or writing. These observable actions are more descriptive than just stating that the person looks anxious. Behavior is measurable. This means that the we can define and describe the behavior. Behavior has three components: ABC A (Antecedents) ⇒ B (Behaviors) ⇒ C (Consequences).

7. THREE DOMAINS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR    Benjamin Bloom (Cognitive Domain),    David Krathwohl (Affective Domain), and    Anita Harrow (Psychomotor Domain).

8. six levels of cognitive complexity: (Bloom’s Taxonomy 1956) Knowledge: Remembering or retrieving previously learned material such as facts, terminology, problem-solving strategies, rules Comprehension: The ability to grasp or construct meaning from material. Some degree of understanding Application: Use previously acquired information in a in new and concrete situations. Analysis: : The ability to break down or distinguish the parts of material into its components. Identification of logical errors (e.g., point out contradictions, erroneous inference) Synthesis: The ability to put parts together to form a coherent or unique new whole. Evaluation: The ability to judge, check, and even critique the value of material for a given purpose.

9. Anderson and Krathwohl’s Taxonomy 2001 Remembering understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating , creating. 

10. Five Levels of Affective or Feeling Domain complexity 1.  Receiving This refers to the learner’s sensitivity to the existence of stimuli – awareness, willingness to receive, or selected attention. feel  sense  capture  experience pursue  attend  perceive 2.  Responding This refers to the learners’ active attention to stimuli and his/her motivation to learn – acquiescence, willing responses, or feelings of satisfaction. conform  allow  cooperate contribute  enjoy  satisfy

11. 3.  Valuing This refers to the learner’s beliefs and attitudes of worth – acceptance, preference, or commitment. An acceptance, preference, or commitment to a value. believe  seek  justify respect  search  persuade 4.  Organization This refers to the learner’s internalization of values and beliefs involving (1) the conceptualization of values; and (2) the organization of a value system.   As values or beliefs become internalized, the leaner organizes them according to priority. examine  clarify  systematize create  integrate

12. 5.  Characterization   Internalization of values This refers to the learner’s highest of internalization and relates to behavior that reflects (1) a generalized set of values; and (2) a characterization or a philosophy about life. At this level the learner is capable of practicing and acting on their values or beliefs. internalize  review  conclude resolve  judge

13. Five Levels of Psychomotor or Kinesthetic Domain complexity Imitation: The learner observes and then imitates an action . These behaviors may be crude and imperfect . Manipulation: Performance of an action with written or verbal directions but without a visual model or direct observation. Precision: Requires performance of some action independent of either written instructions or a visual model. Articulation: Requires the display of coordination of a series of related acts by establishing the appropriate sequence and performing the acts accurately, with control as well as with speed and timing. Naturalization: High level of proficiency is necessary. The behavior is performed with the least expenditure of energy , becomes routine, automatic, and spontaneous.