Human brain by Habiba.ppt. University of swabi

Brain

1. HUMAN
BRAIN
By;
SyedaHabibaGul
Presented to ;
DrSaqibJahan
1st ProffStudent
University of swabi
Department of pharmacy

2. Regions of the Brain
Cerebral
hemispheres
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Figure 7.12

3. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)
Paired (left
and right)
superior parts
of the brain
Include more
than half of
the brain
mass

4. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)
The surface
is made of
ridges (gyri)
and grooves
(sulci)
Sulci surround
each gyrus, and
together the gyri &
sulci help to
increase the
surface area of
cerebral cortex and
form brain divisions

5. Lobes of the Cerebrum
Fissures (deep grooves) divide the
cerebrum into lobes
Surface lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

6. Lobes of the Cerebrum

7. Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum
Somatic sensory area –receives
impulses from the body’s sensory
receptors
Primary motor area –sends impulses to
skeletal muscles
Broca’s area –involved in our ability to
speak

9. Sensory and Motor Areas of the
Cerebral Cortex

10. Specialized Area of the Cerebrum
Cerebral areas involved in special
senses
Gustatory area (taste)
Visual area
Auditory area
Olfactory area

11. Specialized Area of the Cerebrum
Interpretation areas of the cerebrum
Speech/language region
Language comprehension region
General interpretation area

12. Specialized Area of the Cerebrum

13. Layers of the Cerebrum
7.33a
Gray matter
Outer layer
Composed
mostly of neuron
cell bodies
It plays a significant
role in controlling
motor movement
and receiving
sensory signals from
the environment
Figure 7.13a

14. Layers of the Cerebrum
7.33b
White matter
Fiber tracts
inside the gray
matter
Example:
corpus callosum
connects
hemispheres
Figure 7.13a

15. Layers of the Cerebrum
7.33c
Basal nuclei –internal
islands of gray matter
Regulates voluntary
motor activities by
modifying info sent to
the motor cortex
Problems = ie unable
to control muscles,
spastic, jerky
Involved in
Huntington’s and
Parkinson’s Disease
Figure 7.13a

16. Diencephalon
7.34a
Sits on top of the brain stem
Enclosed by the cerebral heispheres
Made of three parts
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

17. Diencephalon
7.34b
Figure 7.15

18. Thalamus
7.35
Surrounds the third ventricle
The relay station for sensory impulses
Transfers impulses to the correct part of
the cortex for localization and
interpretation
Sensory processing, Motor control, Cognitive functions,
Regulation of consciousness, Pain modulation, Emotion
and Motivation, Regulation of autonomic funtions these
are the some anatomical benefits of the thalamus

19. Hypothalamus
7.36a
Under the thalamus
Important autonomic nervous system
center
Helps regulate body temperature
Controls water balance
Regulates metabolism

20. Hypothalamus
7.36b
An important part of the limbic system
(emotions)
The pituitary gland is attached to the
hypothalamus

21. Epithalamus
7.37
Forms the roof of the third ventricle
Houses the pineal body (part of
endocrine gland)
Includes the choroid plexus[Network of blood
vessels in each ventricles of brain]–forms
cerebrospinal fluid
Regulation of emotional responses, Circadian rhythm
regulation, pineal gland regulation, Autonomic nervous
system regulation, Regulation of motivation and reward,
Modulation of stress responses these are the some
anatomical benefits of epithalamus

22. Brain Stem
7.38a
Attaches to the spinal cord
Parts of the brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Anatomical benefits of brain stem is Regulation of
breathing, control of heart rate and blood pressure,
Modulation of sleep and wakefulness, Management of
body temperature, Coordination of swallowing and
digestion, Regulation of blood sugar level, Control of
involuntary action, Processing of sensory information
etc

23. Brain Stem
7.38b
Figure 7.15a

24. Midbrain
7.39
Mostly composed of tracts of nerve
fibers
Reflex centers for vision and hearing
Cerebral aquaduct –connecting the 3
rd
-4
th
ventricles
Auditory processing, Visual processing,
Dopamine production, Regulation of arousal
and alertness, Cranial nerve nuclei,
Neurotransmitter regulation, these are the
some anatomical benefits of midbrain

25. Pons
7.40
The bulging center part of the brain
stem
Mostly composed of fiber tracts
Includes nuclei involved in the control of
breathing
Facilitating the transmission of signals
between the brain and spinal cord
Regulation of sleep and wakefulness

26. Medulla Oblongata
7.41
The lowest part of the brain stem
Merges into the spinal cord
Includes important fiber tracts
Contains important control centers
Heart rate control
Blood pressure regulation
Breathing
Swallowing
Vomiting

27. Flow chart