Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS VIRUS.pptx

Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Are Retroviruses belonging to the Lentiviruses
“Lenti” means Slow
It is the disease that is slow and not the virus replication
Disinfection & Inactivation
10% Household Bleach
50% Ethanol
35% Isopropanol
3% Hydrogen peroxide
0.5% Lysol
Extremes of pH (pH 1.0 – 13)
Transmission
Similar to the Hepatitis B Virus but HIV is far less infectious
High Risk Fluids
Blood
Sex fluids
Breast Milk
Low Risk Fluids
Tears
Sweat
Mucus
Saliva
Body waste i.e. Urine and Stool
Mother to Baby Transmission
Before birth Transplacental
During birth Perinatal
After birth Post partum
Needle Stick Injury Transmission
HIV 0.3%
HCV 3.0%
HBV 30% (if the patient is ‘e’ antigen positive
HIV - 3 Stages
1st Primary
Short, flu-like – occurs one to six weeks after infection
No symptoms at all
Infected person can infect other people
Stage 2- Asymptomatic
Lasts for an average of ten years
This stage is free from symptoms
There may be swollen glands
The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels
HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood
Stage 3 – Symptomatic -AIDS
The symptoms appear
The immune system deteriorates
Emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers
Opportunistic Infections
Bacterial MAC, M. tuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes, Nocardia, Salmonella Spp
Fungal Candida alicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jeroveci
Viruses CMV, HSV, VZV
Protozoa Toxoplasma, Cryptosporoium species
Cancers
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Lyphomas
Testing for HIV
Rapid test / ELISA
Western Blot
PCR
CD4+ Lymphocyte Count

Opportunistic Infections Occur when it falls to 200 cells/uL
The normal CD+ Lymphocyte count is 1000-1200 cells/uL
Global Summary AIDS
Number of people living with HIV 33.3 million
Adults 30.8 million
Women 15.9 million
Children (<15 years) 2.5 million

People newly infected wit HIV in 2009 2.6 million
AIDS deaths in 2009 1.8 million

1. HIV / AIDS

2. H uman I mmunodeficiency Virus A cquired I mmuno d eficiency S yndrome

3. AIDS Is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Viruses HIV 1 and HIV 2

4. HIV Are Retroviruses belonging to the Lentiviruses “ Lenti ” means Slow It is the disease that is slow and not the virus replication

5. Retroviruses Possess an enzyme called “Reverse Transcriptase” This enzyme leads to the formation of DNA from RNA

6. The Virus

7. Target of HIV is the CD4 Lymphocyte

8. Attachment to CD4 Lymphocyte

9. Disinfection & Inactivation HIV is completely by treatment: 10% Household Bleach 50% Ethanol 35% Isopropanol 3% Hydrogen peroxide 0.5% Lysol Extremes of pH (pH 1.0 – 13)

10. Transmission Similar to the Hepatitis B Virus but HIV is far less infectious

11. Transmission High Risk Fluids Blood Sex fluids Breast Milk Low Risk Fluids Tears Sweat Mucus Saliva Body waste i.e. Urine and Stool

12. Mother to Baby Transmission Before birth Transplacental During birth Perinatal After birth Post partum

13. Needle Stick Injury Transmission HIV 0.3% HCV 3.0% HBV 30% (if the patient is ‘e’ antigen positive

14. HIV Infection by Age Under 15 years 16% 15 – 24 years 42% 25 and over 42%

15. HIV - 3 Stages Primary Short, flu-like – occurs one to six weeks after infection No symptoms at all Infected person can infect other people

16. Stage 2- Asymptomatic Lasts for an average of ten years This stage is free from symptoms There may be swollen glands The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

17. Stage 3 – Symptomatic -AIDS The symptoms appear The immune system deteriorates Emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers

18. Opportunistic Infetions Bacterial MAC, M. tuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes , Nocardia , Salmonella Spp Fungal Candida alicans , Cryptococcus neoformans , Pneumocystis jeroveci Viruses CMV, HSV, VZV Protozoa Toxoplasma , Cryptosporoium species

19. Cancers Kaposi’s Sarcoma Lyphomas

20. Testing for HIV Rapid test / ELISA Western Blot PCR

21. CD4 + Lymphocyte Count Opportunistic Infections Occur when it falls to 200 cells/ uL The normal CD+ Lymphocyte count is 1000-1200 cells/ uL

22. Global Summary AIDS – Nov 2010 Number of people living with HIV 33.3 million Adults 30.8 million Women 15.9 million Children (<15 years) 2.5 million People newly infected wit HIV in 2009 2.6 million AIDS deaths in 2009 1.8 million