HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM power point presentation

It is regarding nervous system, its parts , different nerves which are involved in it

1. THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM Prepared by: Mamoona Sajid

2. Attainment Target Identify organs, functions and processes of human nervous system. Explain how the brain works as the control station of body.

3. Recognise the different parts of the human nervous System Explain how the brain works as the control station of a human body. Identify the five sensory organs and their stimuli. Describe the process involve in sensation by nervous system

4. Functions of Nervous System The nervous system is responsible for controlling every action we make, including breathing, resting, running and playing Helps all the parts of the body to communicate with each other Reacts to changes both outside and inside the body Uses both electrical and chemical means to send and receive messages Neurons (nerve cells) are the building blocks of nervous system

5. Divisions of Nervous System 1. The Central Nervous System : consisting of the brain and spinal cord 2. The Peripheral Nervous System: consisting of nerves spread throughout the body

6. The Central Nervous System Body's processing center Performs many jobs at the same time Controls all voluntary movement, such as speech and walking, and involuntary movements, such as blinking and breathing Core of our thoughts, perceptions, and emotions

7. The Peripheral Nervous System Made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.

8. The Brain makes up 2% of the body’s weight soft, jelly-like organ protected within the skull command center of the nervous system responsible for processing information and sending messages to the body made up of billions of neurons, connected in a complex network. These neurons communicate with each other using electrical and chemical signals which allows us to think, feel and move gathers information from our senses, such as sight, sound and touch, and uses this information to understand the environment around us sends signals to the rest of the body that control our movements and bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate receives information through our five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing - often many at one time

9. Cerebellum

10. Parts of Nervous System The forebrain is the front part of the brain and is responsible for processing information from our senses, regulating our emotions and controlling our movements. The forebrain is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into three main parts, that are the  Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus https://youtu.be/0yXMGQaVVXg

11. 1. Cerebrum largest part of the brain responsible for thinking, problem-solving, and controlling our movement divided into two hemispheres, the left and the right each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body and allows us to function as a whole The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, including movement and the senses. It is responsible for speech, reading, writing, mathematical calculations, logical reasoning, as well as problem solving. The right hemisphere controls the movement and senses of the left side of the boy. It also plays a role in spatial reasoning, such as understanding maps and navigating through spaces. Parts of Fore brain

12. 2. Thalamus manages body temperature, hunger, sleep, and emotions Parts of Fore brain 3 . Hypothalamus sends messages from our senses (sight, hearing, touch) to the right parts of our brain so we can understand the world around us

13. Parts of Nervous System 2. The midbrain is the middle part of the brain. It is responsible for controlling our reflexes and eye movements.

14. Parts of Nervous System 3. The hindbrain is the back of the brain. It is responsible for regulating the heart beat, breathing and other functions that we do not consciously control. It is divided into three main parts, that are the  Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata Pons Varolii

15. 1. Cerebellum Located at the back of the brain Controls balance and coordination 2. Medulla Oblongata The base of the brain stem Connects the brain to the spinal cord Parts of Hindbrain 3. Pons Varolii H elps with breathing and facial movements Transmits messages between the brain parts

16. The Spinal Cord a network of nerves that extends from the head to the lower back protected by the group of bones called the spine carries electrical signals called nervous impulses between the brain and the rest of the body. For example if you touch something hot, your nerves send a signal through your spinal cord to your brain. The brain interprets the information and sends a signal back to your hand to move away from the hot item.

17. The Nerves act as pathways through which the brain sends and receives information run throughout the body and connect to the brain and spinal cord. The senses of sight, touch, taste, and scent are sent to the brain through specific nerves. Some nerves control our muscles and help us move.

18. The Neurons special cells in our body that help us communicate and feel things made up of three main parts: The cell body, dendrites and axon Cell body: T he neuron’s nucleus and other components are found in the cell body Dendrites: Dendrites are short strands of cytoplasm that collect electrical signals from other nearby neurons Axon: Axon is a very long strand of cytoplasm. Electrical signals can travel along this very quickly. The axon directs nervous impulses to send information from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands

19. Wrap-up Questions What is the part of the nervous system that an impulse from the brain passes through to reach a nerve in the arm? (Spinal Cord) How many brain cells do humans have; thousands, millions, billions? (Humans have an estimated 86 billion to 100 billion neurons (brain cells) in their brains) If you exercise, what are two ways the nervous system helps you? (The nervous system aids exercise by controlling muscle movement and coordinating heart rate and breathing adjustments) What is the largest part of the brain called? (Cerebrum) Which part of our brain controls our reflexes? (by a region of the brainstem called the "reflex arc.“) Describe the path of signals from nerve endings in our hand to a muscle in your arm when we pull our arm away from something hot. (The path of signals from nerve endings in our hand to a muscle in our arm during a reflex action involves the sensory neuron transmitting the signal to the spinal cord, where it connects with an interneuron. The interneuron relays the signal to a motor neuron, which then triggers the muscle contraction, pulling the arm away from the hot stimulus. This process occurs in the spinal cord, allowing for a quick and automatic response without involving the brain's conscious processing.)

20. Wrap-up Questions Why is the brain not involved in a reflex action? (to save time and quickly protect the body from harm) In a football match, a goal keeper makes a quick save and the commentator says it is a reflex action. Is that true? (The goal keeper's fast save can be called a reflex action because it's like a quick, automatic response from their body. It happens so fast that it doesn't need their thinking brain to jump in, helping them stop the ball and defend the goal in a snap. How do you think he brain will control the breathing rate when a person changes from walking to running. Why might it do this? (When a person changes from walking to running, the brain adjusts the breathing rate to provide enough oxygen for the increased physical activity. The brain does this through a part called the medulla oblongata in the brainstem. It senses changes in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, which increases during exercise. To meet the body's oxygen demands, the brain sends signals to speed up breathing, helping us get more oxygen and release more carbon dioxide. This ensures our muscles get the energy they need to keep moving during running)