HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR.pptx

Personality traits in OB and HR

1. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AKUDZWEISHE GURI R234432H EDMUND CHIYAKA R232484B

2. QUESTIONS What are the different types of personality theories (e.g., Big Five, Myers-Briggs )? How do personality traits (e.g., extraversion, agreeableness) impact behavior and relationships ? What is the difference between personality and character ? Can personality be changed or developed ?

3. 5 . How do cultural and environmental factors influence personality ? 6 . What are some common personality assessment tools (e.g., NEO PI, MMPI )? 7 . How does personality relate to emotional intelligence and well-being ? 8 . Can personality predict job performance or success?

4. Qtn1. Personality Theories   - Definition: Personality theories are frameworks in psychology designed to understand the complexities of human behavior and traits. - Importance: Understanding personality theories can help us better understand ourselves and others.

5. Type Theory   - Definition: Suggests personality is based on distinct categories or types into which individuals can be classified. - Example: Carl Jung's Personality Types (e.g., introvert, extrovert) Jung, C. G. (1921).

6. Trait Theory   - Definition: Focuses on identifying and measuring stable characteristics that differentiate individuals. - Example: Gordon Allport's Common Traits (e.g., extraversion, agreeableness) - Reference: Allport , G. W. (1937). Personality: A Psychological Interpretation.

7. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)   - Definition: Proposes 16 personality types based on four dichotomies of preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. - Example: INFJ , ESTP , etc. - Reference: Myers, I. B., & Briggs, K. C. (1943). The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

8. Psychodynamic Theories   - Definition: Emphasize the influence of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences on personality. - Example: Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory - Reference: Freud, S. (1923). The Ego and the Id.

9. Behavioral Theories   - Definition: Assert that personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment, emphasizing observable and measurable behaviors . - Example: B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory - Reference: Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior .  

10. Humanist Theories   - Definition: Highlight the importance of free will and individual experience in the development of personality, focusing on the inherent goodness of people and their potential for personal growth. - Example: Carl Rogers' Person- Centered Theory - Reference: Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client- Centered Therapy.

11. Five-Factor Model (Big Five)   - Definition: Describes personality in terms of five broad dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. - Example: OCEAN model - Reference: Costa, P. T., & McCrae , R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R).

12. Qtn 2 . PERSONALITY TRAITS   - Personality traits significantly impact behavior and relationships - Understanding personality traits can help build and maintain successful relationship

13. Extraversion   - Definition: Outgoing, energetic, and sociable - Effects on behavior : - Larger social network and more frequent social interactions - Engagement in teamwork and collaborative activities - Effects on relationships: - Positive impact on work and personal relationships - Increased social connections and friendships - Reference: McCrae & Costa (1987)

14. Agreeableness   - Definition: Cooperative, warm, and considerate - Effects on behavior : - Harmonious relationships and conflict avoidance - Supportive and helpful interactions - Effects on relationships: - Preferred as partners and friends - Positive impact on relationship quality - Reference: Graziano & Tobin (2017)

15. Neuroticism   - Definition: Emotional instability and negative emotional reactions - Effects on behavior : - Strained relationships and conflict - Emotional reactivity and sensitivity - Effects on relationships: - Difficulty maintaining long-term relationships - Potential for misunderstandings and relationship issues - Reference: Lahey (2009)

16. Conscientiousness   - Definition: Reliable, organized, and responsible - Effects on behavior : - Positive impact on professional and personal relationships - Ability to plan and adhere to commitments - Effects on relationships: - Stable and predictable relationships - Increased trust and reliability - Reference: Roberts et al. (2007)

17. Openness to Experience   - Definition: Curious, imaginative, and open to new experiences - Effects on behavior : - Adventurous and exploratory behavior - Engagement in creative and intellectual activities - Effects on relationships: - Potential for disagreements or disconnection if partner does not share same level of openness - Positive impact on relationship quality if shared - Reference: Zuckerman (1994)

18. Qtn 3. PERSONALITY VS CHARACTER   - Personality and character are related but distinct concepts - Understanding the difference is essential for personal growth and self-awareness

19. Personality   - Definition: Combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character - Includes behaviors , attitudes, and emotional patterns - Influenced by inherited traits and life experiences - Observed through reactions and interactions with others - Reference: Allport (1937)

20. : Character   - Definition: Internal values and moral compass - Involves deep-seated beliefs and ethical standards - Judged based on decisions and actions in challenging situations - Shapes behavior in moral dilemmas or ethical choices - Reference: Peterson & Seligman (2004)

21. Interplay between Personality and Character   - Personality can be easily observed, while character is revealed during testing times - Personality can be charming, but character is consistent and true - Character can shape personality, and personality can influence character over time - Reference: Aristotle (1999)

22. Conclusion   - Understanding the difference between personality and character leads to deeper self-awareness and personal growth - Recognizing the interplay between the two can help individuals develop a stronger sense of self

23. Qtn 4 . PERSONALITY CHANGE OR DEVELOPMENT   - Personality development is a complex process - Influenced by innate traits and life experiences Temperament - Present from birth - Fundamental traits: energy levels, emotional responsiveness - Reference: Thomas & Chess (1977)

24. Psychoanalytic Theory - Freud's theory: id, ego, superego - Development during early childhood stages - Reference: Freud (1923) Stability and Change - Personality traits show stability over time - Can also evolve with age and significant life events - Reference: Costa & McCrae (1994)

25. Age-Related Changes - Calmness and social sensitivity tend to increase with age - Narcissism may decrease - Reference: Roberts et al. (2006) Intentional Change - Possibility of changing personality intentionally through volition and effort - Ongoing psychological research - Reference: Hudson (2019)

26. Personality Development Continuum - Changes vary in degrees of intensity - Influenced by contextual factors - Reference: Caspi & Roberts (2001)

27. Qtn 5 . Cultural and environmental factors influencing personality - Cultural and environmental factors significantly influence personality - Understanding these factors provides insight into personality development

28. Cultural Influences - Language and communication styles shape cognitive processes and personality traits - Cultural norms and values dictate acceptable behaviors and attitudes - Socialization practices instill cultural expectations into individuals' personalities - Collective vs. individualistic societies foster different traits - Reference: Triandis (2001)

29. Environmental Influences - Family dynamics and early childhood experiences have lasting effects on personality traits - Socioeconomic status and associated life experiences shape aspects of personality - Peer groups and social interactions develop social skills and self-identity - Physical environments influence levels of traits like extraversion and openness - Reference: Bronfenbrenner (1979)

30. Gene-Environment Interactions - Genetic predispositions interact with environmental factors to form personality traits - Unique experiences activate or suppress genetic potentials for personality characteristics - Epigenetic changes contribute to personality development - Reference: Plomin et al. (2016)

31. Conclusion   - Cultural and environmental factors significantly shape personality - Understanding these factors provides insight into personality development

32.   Qtn 6 . Personality assessment tools - Personality assessment tools help understand individual differences - Various tools available, each with unique characteristics Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) - Widely used instrument - Identifies psychological preferences in perception and decision-making - Reference: Myers & Briggs (1943)

33. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ( MMPI ) - Comprehensive tool for mental health assessment - Evaluates psychopathology and personality traits - Reference: Hathaway & McKinley (1943)

34. Big Five Personality Traits   - Five broad dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism - Widely used in research and practical applications - Reference: Costa & McCrae (1992)

35. DISC Assessment   - Focuses on four behavioral traits: dominance, influence, steadiness, and compliance - Often used in work and business settings - Reference: Marston (1928)

36. Enneagram   - Typology categorizing human personality into nine interconnected types - Emphasizes motivations and underlying fears - Reference: Riso & Hudson (1996)

37. Winslow Personality Profile   - Measures 24 personality traits - Applied in career success and happiness - Reference: Winslow (1934)

38. Process Communication Model ( PCM )   - Categorizes personality into six types for effective communication and team dynamics - Originally developed for NASA - Reference: Taibi (2001)

39. Holtzman Inkblot Technique   - Uses inkblots to evaluate personality style and emotional functioning - Projective technique for assessing unconscious processes - Reference: Holtzman (1958)

40.   Qtn 7 . Personality, emotional intelligence, and well-being - Personality, emotional intelligence ( EI ), and well-being are interconnected - Understanding these relationships can enhance personal and professional development

41. Personality and Emotional Intelligence   - Big Five traits correlate with EI - Extraversion and Agreeableness linked to higher EI - Reference: Joseph & Newman (2010)

42. EI as a Predictor of Well-being   - EI crucial for psychological well-being - Associated with better stress management, job satisfaction, and overall health - Reference: Goleman (1995)

43. EI in the Workplace   - EI predicts job performance beyond personality traits alone - Contributes to better task and contextual performance - Reference: Boyatzis (2001)

44. EI and Psychological Well-being   - Positive relationship between EI and psychological well-being - Higher EI linked to greater life satisfaction and happiness - Reference: Salovey et al. (2000)

45. Training and Development of EI   - EI can be developed through training - Leads to increased work happiness and meaningfulness - Reference: Cherniss et al. (2006)

46. Qtn 8 . Personality traits, job performance and success - Personality traits can influence job performance and success - Conscientiousness often the most consistent predictor across job types

47. Big Five Personality Traits   - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism - Varying degrees of correlation with job performance - Reference: Barrick & Mount (1991)

48. Personality and Job Performance   - Extraversion predicts better performance in sales positions - Conscientiousness crucial for roles requiring attention to detail and reliability - Reference: Tett & Christiansen (2007)

49. Personality Assessments in Recruitment   - Companies use personality assessments to aid in recruitment - Helping to predict which candidates will excel in certain roles - Reference: Ryan & Sackett (1998)

50. Limitations of Personality Tests   - Not the sole predictor of job performance - Skills, experience, and other factors also play critical roles - Reference: Schmidt & Hunter (1998)

51. Debate on Effectiveness   - Some research suggests personality tests may not be reliable indicators of performance - Importance of comprehensive evaluation process - Reference: Morgeson et al. (2007)