HUMAN VALUES AND ETHICAL THEORIES

MASTERAND REPORT 2019

LOVE RESPECT HONESTY GRATITUDE LOYALTY FAITH

1. Human Values and Ethical Theories Prepared by: Mariah Kyle Carmel A. Gonzaga LPT Republic of the Philippines CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY San Francisco Campus Northern Poblacion , San Francisco, Cebu Website: http://www.sanfran.ctu.edu.ph Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Contact No: [phone] Contact No: [phone]  

2. Human Values

3. What is Human Values? Refer to those values which are at the core of being human. Convey a positive and affective surge, which reinforces the rationale of moral values. A tool to manage human relations and permit us to live together in harmony, and personally contribute to peace . C onsidered universal, timeless and eternal applying to all human beings.

4. Examples of Human Values The pillar of all values. Because LOVE conquers all. LOVE The irony is, people love the idea of love. But love is real hard work. It is about putting others before ourselves. That is what separates us from monsters.

5. It is two-way street. You can disagree with someone and still respect them and their opinion. It strikes a balance between a welfare state and social Darwinism.

6. Honesty The quality of being fair and truthful. It is all about accepting our flaws and working on improving them.

7. Gratitude Being thankful for everything. Literally .

8. It is an emotion that bind us to a person, thing or sentiment. It restricts us from betraying people. Being supportive and faithful.

9. Faith Strong belief or trust to someone. Strong religious beliefs or feelings

10. Human Values faith love integrity loyalty brotherhood tolerance empathy goodness courtesy respect openness happiness gratitude acceptance consideration trust kindness peace compassion

11. Ethical Theories

12. Ethical theories provide part of the decision-making foundation for these theories represent the viewpoints from which individuals seek guidance as they make decisions . Each theory emphasizes different points – a different decision-making style or a decision rule—such as predicting the outcome and following one’s duties to others in order to reach what the individual considers an ethically correct decision .

13. In order to further understand ethical theory, there must be some understanding of a common set of goals that decision makers seek to achieve in order to be successful. Four of these goals include beneficence, least harm, respect for autonomy, and justice. In order to understand ethical decision making, it is important to realize that not everyone makes decisions in the same way, using the same information, employing the same decision rules.

14. Kinds of Ethical Theories Utilitarian Ethics Deontological Ethics Virtue Ethics

15. The greatest good for the greatest number of people An action is right if and only it produces the greatest balance of pleasure over pain of every one. “Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness." “ Millennials will use utilitarian reasoning to avoid confrontation and achieve consensus.” Utilitarian Ethics

16. Utilitarian Ethics Is it good? Is my behavior making the world a better place? What impact is having my behavior to the world?

17. Cons! Decision makers are forced to guess the outcome of their choices. It is not always possible to predict the outcome of your decision. Harming a minority and benefitting a majority doesn’t build mutually beneficial relationship.

18. “Human beings should be treated with dignity and respect because they have rights.” – Immanuel Kant (Father of Modern Deontology) Action is based on morals. The core concept behind this is that there are objective obligations, or duties, that are required of all people. When faced with an ethical situation, then, the process is simply one of identifying one’s duty and making the appropriate decision . Deontological Ethics

19. Set of Absolute Morals (WD Ross) 1 . Duties of fidelity-to keep promises 2. Duties of reparation- To compensate for injuries 3. Duties of gratitude- return favors 4. Duties of justice- to distribute goods according to people’s merits or deserts. 5. Duties of beneficence- to do whatever to improve conditions of others. 6. Duties of self-improvement- To improve our own condition with respect to virtue and intelligence 7. Duties of no maleficence-To avoid injuries to others.

20. Deontological Ethics Is it right? What duties do I owe? What are my ethical principles telling me I should do? What does reason require of me regarding my treatment of others?

21. Cons! The possibility of making a “right” choice with bad consequences. There might be a disagreement about the principles involved in the decision. Possibility of a conflict in duties.

22. This philosophy stems from Aristotle and is based on the virtues of the person making a decision. The consideration in virtue ethics is essentially “what makes a good person” . Virtue ethics require the decision-maker to understand what virtues are good for public relations and then decisions are made in light of those particular virtues . Virtue Ethics

23. Main Principles of Virtue Ethics Aspiring to a set of virtues. Avoiding a set of vices. Integrity is a primary value. Finding the right balance within and between values.

24. Virtue Ethics How to live your life? What kind of person do I want to be? What virtues bring me closer to this goal Is my behavior consistent with being a moral person?

25. Cons! I t does not take into consideration a person’s change in moral character. The possibility of making a “morally right” choice with bad consequences. Possibility of a conflict of virtues.

26. That’s all! Thank you!