HVAC SYSTEM, BUILDING SERVICES AND REPAIRS

HVAC SYSTEM

1. HVAC SYSTEM

2. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning  ( HVAC )  is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide  thermal comfort  and acceptable  indoor air quality . HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of  mechanical engineering , based on the principles of  thermodynamics ,  fluid mechanics  and  heat transfer . " Refrigeration " is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as  HVAC&R  or  HVACR  or "ventilation" is dropped, as in  HACR  (as in the designation of HACR-rated  circuit breakers ).

3. HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as:- single family homes, apartment buildings , hotels and senior living facilities , medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors .

4. Ventilating or  ventilation  (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide: high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.

5. The three major functions of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are interrelated, especially with the need to provide thermal comfort acceptable indoor air quality within reasonable installation, operation , and maintenance costs. HVAC systems can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. HVAC systems can provide ventilation, and maintain pressure relationships between spaces. The means of air delivery and removal from spaces is known as  room air distribution .

6. In modern buildings, the design, installation, and  control systems  of these functions are integrated into one or more HVAC systems. For very small buildings, contractors normally estimate the capacity and type of system needed and then design the system, selecting the appropriate refrigerant and various components needed. For larger buildings, building service designers, mechanical engineers, or  building services  engineers analyze, design, and specify the HVAC systems. Specialty mechanical contractors and suppliers then fabricate, install and commission the systems. Building permits and code-compliance inspections of the installations are normally required for all sizes of building.

7. How Does An HVAC System Work The three main functions of an HVAC system are interrelated, especially when providing acceptable indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Your heating and air conditioning system is often one of the most complicated and extensive systems in your home, but when it stops working you’ll know soon enough! There are nine parts to your HVAC system that you should be familiar with the air return, filter, exhaust outlets, ducts, electrical elements, outdoor unit, compressor, coils and blower.

8. Air Return Your air return is the part of your system that marks the starting point of the ventilation cycle. This return sucks in air, draws it through a filter, and then passes it into the main system. Pro tip: Make sure to dust your returns frequently as debris and dust can easily build up on your filters. Filter Your filter is the second part of the air return in which the air is drawn through. Pro tip: Make sure to change your filters regularly to keep your system in tip-top shape. Exhaust Outlets Another part of your system is the exhaust outlets where the exhaust created by the heating system is expelled. Pro tip: Check your chimney flue or vent stack annually and tune it up if necessary. Ducts Your ducts are the channels in which the heated or cooled air passes through. Pro tip: Get your ducts cleaned every 2 to 5 years in order to keep everything in working condition .

9. Electrical Elements This part of your system can be a bit trickier, but often problems originate here first. Pro tip: If something isn’t working right check for a tripped breaker or dead batteries in your thermostat . Outdoor Unit This is likely the part of your system you think of when someone mentions an HVAC system. The outdoor unit houses the fan which provides air flow. Pro tip: Keep your unit clear of debris and vegetation as it can cause serious problems if plants are sucked into your fan. Compressor As a part of the outdoor unit, the compressor is responsible for converting refrigerant from a gas to liquid and sends it to the coils. Pro tip: If something isn’t working quite right, check your compressor. It is often the cause of many system failures. Coils Usually another part of the outdoor unit, coils cool the air as it passes through with a little help from the refrigerant. Pro tip: Check your coils annually. If they freeze up you may want to check your filter and/or refrigerant levels. Blower The blower draws in warm air through the main section of the unit. Pro tip: The more efficiently this air moves through, the more durable your system will be.

10. What Is Included In An HVAC System Since we now know that HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, we know that those are the three main parts included in the entire system. The heating element usually refers to a furnace or boiler. It includes a pipe system for the fluid carrying the heat or duct work if you’re working with a forced air system. The ventilation element is either natural or forced and when it is forced it is more often than not used for air cleaning purposes as well. As many of us know the third and final element of an HVAC system is air conditioning which is the exact opposite of heating. It’s main focus is to remove the existing heat from the interior of the home.

11. What Is The Difference Between HVAC And Air Conditioning Surprisingly, we get this question a lot. So what exactly is the difference between HVAC and air conditioning, you ask? Well air conditioning is actually the last portion of what HVAC stands for, but they are often used interchangeably in reference to any type of heating or cooling device in a home. Think about HVAC as the overarching term and air conditioning as one piece of the puzzle.

12. A heating system is  a mechanism for maintaining temperatures at an acceptable level ; by using thermal energy within a home, office, or other dwelling. Often part of an HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) system. A heating system may be a central heating system or distributed . Types of Heating Systems Furnaces. The majority of North American households depend on a central furnace to provide heat. ... Boilers. Boilers are special-purpose water heaters. ... Heat Pumps. ... Gas-Fired Space Heaters. ... Unvented Gas-Fired Heaters: A Bad Idea. ... Electric Space Heaters. ... Wood-Burning and Pellet Stoves. ... Fireplaces.

13. Most efficient heating system:- Geothermal systems  provide the most efficient type of heating. They can cut heating bills by up to 70 percent. Like other types of heat pumps, they are also very safe and environmentally friendly to operate . Home heating is an important consideration during the winter months, even in areas where temperatures rarely dip below freezing. Heating expenses can easily consume almost half of an average household energy budget, which makes energy efficiency an important goal for those who want to reduce home comfort expenses . If you need a  new home heating system , you have several options for achieving highly efficient, low-cost operation that will keep your home warm and comfortable for many years.

14. Why High-Efficiency? The simplest reason to choose a  high-efficiency heating  system is that it will cost much less to operate than a lower-efficiency model. High-efficiency systems can often cut ongoing expenses by half or more, with the most efficient heating system types slashing bills by up to 70 percent. Finding the Most Efficient Heating System: Heat Pumps Air-Source Heat Pumps Geothermal Heat Pumps Finding the Most Efficient Heating System: Furnaces Gas Oil & Electricity

15. Finding the Most Efficient Heating System: Boilers The third most efficient heating systems for homes are  residential boilers . Boilers are less common in residential settings than heat pumps or furnaces. However, a boiler can still provide a good option for home heating. They work by producing hot water, which is then circulated through pipes and radiators inside your home.

16. A central heating system  provides warmth to the whole interior of a building  (or portion of a building) from one point to multiple rooms. When combined with other systems in order to control the building climate, the whole system may be an HVAC system . The most efficient heating systems Electric heating systems  are around 100% efficient. As they don't burn fuel, there is no waste so just about all of the electricity sent to an electric boiler or radiators gets turned into heat for your home and hot water.

17. A typical automotive cooling system comprises (1) a series of channels cast into the engine block and cylinder head, surrounding the combustion chambers with circulating water or other coolant to carry away excessive heat, (2) a radiator, consisting of many small tubes equipped with a honeycomb of fins to radiate heat .. T ypes of cooling system: There are two types of cooling systems:  (i) Air cooling system and (ii) Water-cooling system . In this type of cooling system, the heat, which is conducted to the outer parts of the engine, is radiated and conducted away by the stream of air, which is obtained from the atmosphere.

18. Function of cooling system The cooling system serves three important functions. First, it  removes excess heat from the engine ; second, it maintains the engine operating temperature where it works most efficiently; and finally, it brings the engine up to the right operating temperature as quickly as possible How does a cooling system work on an engine? To do its job, the  coolant moves in a continuous cycle, pushed through the engine by the water pump . The engine contains internal hollow structures called water jackets. The coolant flows inside the engine through these, absorbing the engine's heat. It then travels through hoses to the radiator, where it cools down.

19. P ackaged HVAC system: A  packaged HVAC unit  is an  HVAC system  that houses both the heating and cooling components inside the same enclosure.  Packaged  units are usually installed outside on the roof or on the side the house.

20. Types of Packaged Units Packaged Air Conditioners : The compressor, coils, air handler are all housed in a single-boxed cabinet. The packaged air conditioner can also provide limited warmth by using an electrical strip heating. Packaged Heat Pumps : A packaged heat pump uses heat pump technology to cool and heat your home. Packaged Gas-Electric : The packaged gas-electric unit combines an air conditioner with gas-powered furnace performance. Packaged Dual-Fuel : The packaged dual fuel system contains a heat pump, capable of heating and cooling, as well as a gas furnace. This type of packaged system optimizes the heating source for the conditions.

21. Packaged System Air Condition Component   By using electricity as its power source, the unit’s internal components cycle the refrigerant. Warm air is pulled in by a fan and then passes over the cold evaporator coil, cooling it in the process. The cooled, dehumidified air is pushed through ducts to the various spaces inside your home.

22. Package System Heating Component Packaged Air Conditioners Packaged Heat Pumps   Packaged Gas-Electric Packaged Dual-Fuel Benefits Space efficiency – Unlike split-system units, all components of a complete heating and cooling system are contained in one location, making packaged units ideal for situations in which indoor space is at a premium. Energy-efficient heating and cooling performance