Hydal power plant 1.pptx

Engineering

1. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF HYDRO POWER PLANT WORKING ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

3. INTRODUCTION IT IS THE ENERGY DERIVED FROM THE ENERGY OF FALLING WATER FROM HIGHER LEVEL TO LOWER LEVEL IN HYDRO POWER PLANT ,THE WATER IS UTILIZED TO MOVE THE TURBINES WHICH IN TURN RUN THE ELECTRIC GENERATORS HYDRO POWER PLANT IS INVENTED BY H.F.ROGERS FIRST HYDRO POWER PLANT IS CONSTRUCTED AT MYSORE IN 1902 NAMED AS SHIVARAMUDHRAM

4. ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF HYDRO POWER PLANT CATCHMENT AREA RESERVOIR DAM PRESSURE TUNNEL GATES SURGE TANK PENSTOCK DRAFT TUBES POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS SPILL WAYS

5. CATCHMENT AREA AND RESERVOIR THE WHOLE AREA BEHIND THE CLAM TRAINING INTO A STREAM AS RIVER ACROSS WHICH THE DAM HAS BEEN BUILT AT SUITABLE PLACEIS CALLED CATCHMENT AREA A RESERVOIR IS USED TO STORE WATER IT STORES WATER WHICH IS FURTHER UTILIZED TO GENERATE POWER BY RUNNING

6. PRESSURE TUNNEL USED TO MAINTAIN THE CONSTANT PRESSURE ITS ENTIRE CROSS SECTION IS FILLED WITH WATER

7. GATES RADIAL GATES: USED FOR DIVERSION OF WATER FOR IRRIGATION AND THEY ARE PLACED ON TOP OF DAMS CONTROL GATES:IT IS A BARRIER THAT REGULATES WATER RELEASED FROM RESERVOIR TO THE POWER GENERATION UNIT

8. SURGE TANK WHEN THERE IS SUDDEN CLOSE OR DECREASE IN PRESSURE DUE TO CONTROL VALVE THEN THERE IS A BACK FLOW OF WATER THIS CREATES A HIGH PRESSURE ZONE IN PENSTOCK DUE TO WHICH IT MAY BURST THIS EFFECT IS CALLED WATER HAMMERING EFFECT TO AVOID THIS SURGE TANK IS ATTACHED TO THE PENSTOCK WHICH STORES WATER ON IT

9. PENSTOCK IT IS THE CONNECTING PIPE BETWEEN THE DAM AND TURBINE HOUSE HELPS TO INCREASE THE KINETIC ENERGY OF WATER COMING FROM DAM

10. DRAFT TUBES IT IS A EMPTY STRUCTURE BENEATH THE TURBINE IT INCREASES THE OUTPUT POWER INCREASES THE EFFICIENCY OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

11. POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS SOME MORE COMPONENTS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE PROPER USER FRIENDLY AND SMOOTH FUNCTIONING OF POWER PLANTS.THE COMPONENTS AS FOLLOWS VALVE:TO CONTROL THE PRESSURE OF FLOW OF WATER PUMPS:IS A DEVICE USED TO SEND WATER OR ANY FLUID FROM LOW POTENTIAL TO HIGH POTENTIAL

12. SPILL WAYS IT IS A KIND OF CANAL PROVIDED BESIDES THE DAM USED TO ARRANGE THE EXCESS OF ACCUMULATION OF WATER ON DAM

13. WORKING INITIALLY THE WATER OF THE RIVER IS IN CATCHMENTS AREA. FROM CATCHMENTS AREA THE WATER FLOWS TO THE DAM. AT THE DAM THE WATER GETS ACCUMULATED . THUS THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE WATER INCREASES DUE TO THE HEIGHT OF THE DAM WHEN THE GATES OF THE DAM ARE OPENED THEN THE WATER MOVES WITH HIGH KINETIC ENERGY INTO THE PENSTOCK. THROUGH THE PENSTOCK WATER GOES TO THE TURBINE HOUSE. SINCE THE PENSTOCK MAKES WATER TO FLOW FROM HIGH ALTITUDE TO LOW ALTITUDE, THUS THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE WATER IS AGAIN RAISED.

14. IN THE TURBINE HOUSE THE PRESSURE OF THE WATER IS CONTROLLED BY CONTROLLING VALVES AS PER THE REQUIREMENTS THE CONTROLLED PRESSURIZED WATER IS FED TO TURBINE DUE TO THE PRESSURE OF THE WATER THE LIGHT WEIGHT TURBINE ROTATES DUE TO HIGH SPEED ROTATION OF THE TURBINE THE SHAFT CONNECTED BETWEEN THE TURBINE AND GENERATOR ROTATES AND PRODUCES AC CURRENT THIS CURRENT IS SUPPLIED TO POWER HOUSE THEN IT IS SUPPLIED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES

15. ADVANTAGES NO FUEL CHARGES NO FUEL TRANSPORTATION IS REQUIRED LESS SUPERVISING STAFF IS REQUIRED RUNNING COST IS LOW MAINTAINEANCE AND OPERATION CHARGES ARE VERY LOW THE PLANT EFFICIENCY DOES NOT CHANGES WITH AGE NO ASH AND FLUE GAS PROBLEM AND DOES NOT POLLUTE ATMOSPHERE ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY

16. DISADVANTAGES THE INITIAL COST OF THE POWER PLANT IS VERY HIGH WATER IN THE RESERVOIR IS LOST BY EVAPORATION REQUIRES LARGE AREAS LARGE SCALE HUMAN DISPLACEMENT DISRUPTION OF SURROUNDING AREAS