HYDRO POWER STATION

IN THIS PPT GIVEN TOPIC RA EXPLAINED AS WELL AS BASED IN POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

1. Presentation of Summer Training Kulekhani First Hydropower Station Presenting by :- Birbal Kumar yadav B.Tech 4 th year Electrical & Electronic Engineering Dhorsing Makwanpur -Nepal

2. Introduction Kulekhani-1 is currently a sole large water storage type hydro-electric power station in Nepal . Its installed Capacity is 60MWwith 2 units of 30 MW each. The construction was started in 1977 with the financial assistance of the World Bank, Kuwait Fund, OPEC Fund, and the Overseas Economic Co operation fund (OCEF) of Japan.

3. KULEKHANI- I Rated net head:550 meter Design discharge: 12.1 m 3 /s Head race tunnel 6233 m, 2.3 m diameter Penstock pipe: 1324 m long, 2.1 – 1.5m diameter steel Pipe Installed capacity:60 MW Turbine Generator Set: 2 sets

4. A Typical layout of Hydropower plant

5. POWERHOUSE   Turbine room Generator Service areas

6. TURBINE   Hydraulic turbines are the machines which convert the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy.   The mechanical energy developed by a turbine is used to run an electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Essential Elements of Hydropower Plant

7. TYPE OF TURBINE Pelton Rated Speed 600 rpm Type of Generator Vertical shaft, Synchronous Capacity 35 MVA Rated Voltage 11 KV Power Transformer 11/66KV, 3 phase, 35 MVA, 2 No Transmission Line Average Annual :211 GWz (Primary energy 165 GWH and Generation secondary energy 46 GWH) Catchments Area:126 sq. km. Commissioning Date:1977 A.D. - 14th May, 1988 Construction Cost:117.84 million USD Financed by World Bank, Kuwait Fund, UNDP, OECF and OPEC Fund

8. MAJOR PARTS OF PELTON WHEEL   Spear and nozzle. Runner with buckets. Outer casing. Brake nozzle.

9. The generator converts the rotational power from the turbine shaft into electrical power. Type of Generator: Vertical shaft, Synchronous Capacity:35 MVA  Rated Voltage:11 KV Power Transformer :11/66KV, 3 phase, 35 MVA, 2 Nos   GENERATOR

10. SPEAR AND NOZZLE    To regulate the water flow through the nozzle. An adjustable spear is for good jet of water and helps to change nozzle flow passage . Nozzle which converts hydraulic energy into kinetic energy.   Present at the downstream end of the penstock. RUNNER WITH BUCKETS  Runner consists of the circular disc and it is mounted on horizontal/vertical shaft.  Evenly spaced buckets have a shape of double semi-elliptical ridge known as splitter.

11. BREAK NOZZLE   To stop the runner in a short time.   Small nozzle directs a jet of water on the back of buckets. OUTER CASING  Used to prevent splicing of water and discharging water to tailrace.

12.  It helps to ensure that the generator constantly spins at its correct speed. To illustrate, consider a hydro system without a governor, it causes the generator to work harder. As long as you maintain this “perfect” load is known as Design Load, power output will be correct. GOVERNORS AND CONTROLS

13.   An enhanced version of the electronic load governor, offering not only the ability to regulate power usage. Small load adjustments work just like the electronic governor; the variable electronic switch regulates power to the ballast loads. LOAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

14.    It is an option that protects the system from over speed, which may damage the generator. It usually means removing all water power from turbine.   Emergency shutdown of impulse turbines, such as Pelton wheel, can be very fast because the water jet can simply be deflected away from the turbine. Since the water flow doesn’t change, there are no damaging surges. EMERGENCY SYSTEM SHUTDOWN

15. UTILITY GRID INTERFACE CONTROLS The grid interconnects very large, public utility power generation systems. It monitor the grid and ensure system is generating compatible voltage, frequency, and phase.   Automatic disconnection is critical to the safety of all parties.  

16. THANK YOU