Hydrocolloids

The presentation is all about carrageenan an important hudrocolloid.

1. HYDROCOLLOIDS Dr. P. Samuel Assistant Professor of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi

2. What are hydrocolloids? Hydrocolloids are substances capable of forming gel like consistency in the presence of water. Hydrocolloids are often called as gums. Natural colloids are derived from plants (Carragenan, pectin etc.) Microbial colloids derived from microbes (Xanthan gum). Marine algal forms are greatly exploited for the production of hydrocolloids. Hydrocolloids are exploited in medical as well as food industries. Brown and green alga colonization

3. Carrageenan It is an example for hydrocolloid. Hydrocolloids are hydrophilic in nature. It is a linear sulfated polysaccharide and flexible in nature. It is extracted from shoreline red seaweed . Carrageenan are mainly exploited in food and milk industry as thickening and stabilizing agents. Several reports have reveal that it is also used in the meat industry since it easily binds to food proteins . There are three types of carrageenan available in the market based upon the degree of sulfation . Sulfation ( Sulf -sulfur group; ation -addition)

4. Varieties of carrageenan Based on degree of sulfation /disaccharide unit There are three principal varieties of carrageenan . They are as follows Kappa- carrageenan has one sulfate group per disaccharide. iota- carrageenan has two sulfate group per disaccharide. lambda- carrageenan has three sulfate group per disaccharide. Carrageenan is vegetarian and an alternative to gelatin

5. Properties of carrageenan Carrageenan is a flexible polymer . Carrageenan can able to form different forms of gel based on temperature. It is a high molecular weight polymer made up of repeating units of galactose and 3,6 anhydro galactose . Both the sugar units are bounded by α-1,3 and β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Variation in gelling nature is due to the number and position of ester sulfate groups on sugar units that’s make up carrageenan .

6. Production of Carrageenan Production process are different for Semi refined and refined carrageenan . Production of refined Carrageenan Cleaning and washing Alkali treatment and extraction https://www.indonesiaseaweed.com/our-seaweed-hydrocolloids/carrageenan/ FILTERING RECOVERY

7. GEL PRESSING PROCESS DRYING & MILLING Carrageenan powder

8. Tutor sam@ANJAC 8 Email: [email protected] 8695959994