Hypercholesterolemia.ppt

hypercholesterolemia

1. Hypercholesterolemia

2. Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like material that
is found in all parts of the body.

3. Cholesterol
Therearetwotypesofcholesterol:
HDL-C(highdensitylipoproteincholesterol,or
"good"cholesterol)
LDL-C(lowdensitylipoproteincholesterol,or
"bad"cholesterol).
Whenyouhavehighcholesterol:
MeanshighlevelsofLDLcholesterol,normal
orlowlevelsofHDLcholesterol,andnormal
orhighlevelsoftriglycerides.

4. Symptoms:
There usually aren't any symptoms of high
cholesterol, especially in early stages. The
only way to tell if your cholesterol is high is
through a blood test.
Xanthelasma.
Tendon xanthomas.

5. Causes:
Hypercholesterolemiaistypicallyduetoa
combinationofenvironmentalandgenetic
factors.
Environmentalfactorsincludeobesityanddietary
choices.
Geneticcontributionsareusuallyduetothe
additiveeffectsofmultiplegenes,though
occasionallymaybeduetoasinglegenedefect
such asinthecase offamilial
hypercholesterolaemia.

6. Causes:
A number of secondary causes exist
including:
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Obesity
Alcohol
Nephrotic syndrome, obstructive jaundice,
hypothyroidism and Cushing’s syndrome.
Medications: thiazidediuretics, ciclosporin,
glucocorticoids, beta blockers and retinoic acid.

7. Complications
Highcholesterolraisesyourriskforheart
disease,heartattack,andstroke.
Whenthereistoomuchcholesterolcirculatingin
theblood,itcancreatestickydeposits(called
plaque)alongthearterywalls.Plaquecan
eventuallynarroworblocktheflowofbloodto
thebrain,heart,andotherorgans.

8. Treatment
Lifestyle
smokingcessation
limitingalcoholconsumption
maintainingahealthyweight
increasingphysicalactivity
dietlowinsaturatedfats,transfat-freeandlow
cholesterolfoods.

9. Treatment
Medication
Statins(or HMG-CoA reductase
inhibitors) are commonly used to treat
hypercholesterolemia if diet is ineffective.
Other agentsthat may be used include:
fibrates, nicotinic acid and cholestyramine.
These however are only recommended if
statins are not tolerated.

10. Calculations:
Conc. of chol. Ab. of test
in sample = ×conc. of st.
(mg ̸ dl) Ab. of st.