Hypopituitarism & hyperpituitarism Chemical Pathology

Muhammad Abbas
Hypopituitarism� & �Hyperpituitarism

1. Hypopituitarism
&
Hyperpituitarism
Muhammad Abbas
BS MLT (Medical Lab Technology)

2. It is the major endocrine gland, a pea-sized body attached to the
base of the brain that is important in controlling growth and
development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
That’s why it is also called master gland or hypopises .
it is located in the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone.
Attached with the hypothalamus by a stalk. weighted about 500
mg.
Pituitary Gland

3. Pituitary Gland

4. *There are some conditions in which there is the disturbance
of pituitary gland mainly occur i-e
*Either there is increase secretion of pituitary which is called
Hypopituitarism or the decrease production which is called
Hypopituitarism

5. Hyperpituitarism
*The increase secretion of pituitary
*What two hormones are affected with
hyperpituitarism?
*GH
*ADH

6. Hyperpituitarism
 GH (Growth Hormones)
*Adult
*Acromegaly
*abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by
overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary
gland.
*Child
*Gigantism
 ADH (Antidiuretic Hormones)
*Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
(SIADH)

7. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic
Hormone (SIADH)
*Definition
*The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
secretion (SIADH) is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-
osmolality resulting from inappropriate, continued secretion or
action of the hormone despite normal or increased plasma volume,
which results in impaired water excretion.
*What does ADH do?
*Causes kidneys to reabsorb water 
* urine output 
* fluid volume

8. SIADH – Sign & Symptoms
*Water retention
*Edema
*Weight gain
*Urine
*Concentrated
* increase Sp. gravity

9. Hypopituitarism
*Definition
* secretion of pituitary hormones is called
Hypopituitarism
*Etiology
*#1 Tumor
*Congenital defects
*Pituitary infarction
*Pituitary surgery

10. Hypopituitarism
*Clinical manifestations are slow to appear & are not
really apparent until 75% of the pituitary is
destroyed……

11. Hypopituitarism Causes
*Primary
*Trouble with the Pituitary
* Pituitary hormone
*Secondary
*Trouble somewhere else (not pituitary)
* pituitary hormone
*Usually hypothalmus

12. Hypopituitarism: Growth hormone
*Dx:
*Dwarfism
*Sign & Symptoms of  GH
*Apparent by 6 months
*Delayed puberty
*Growth rate ½ unto 4 ft.
*Body proportions = normal
*Accel. aging

13. Hypopituitarism: FSH & LH
*Female
*Amenorrhea
*Infertility
* libido
*Breast atrophy
*Male
*Weakness
*Impotence
* libido
*Testicles soften &
shrink

14. Hypopituitarism: TSH
*Sign & Symptoms of  TSH
*Severe growth retardation
*Think slow
*Lethargy
*Bradycardia
*Slow thoughts
*Cold intolerance

15. Hypopituitarism: ACTH
*ACTH
*Handle stress
*Sign & Symptoms of  ACTH
*Fatigue
*Weight loss
*Anorexia
*Depigmentation of skin
*Fever
*Hypotension

16. Hypopituitarism:
Simmond’s Disease
Panhypopituitarism
*It is the Total absence of all pituitary
hormones,refferd as PANHYPOPITUITARISM
*Etiology
*Surgery
*Infection(Infectious: TBC, syphilis, mycotic infections)
*Injury
*Tumor

17. Hypopituitarism:
Simmond’s Disease
*Clinical Manifestations
*Weight loss
*Weakness
* libido
*Cold intolerance
*Treatment:
*Administration of all Pitutary hormones