Hypothesis types, formulation, and testing

Hypothesis, types, formulation, and testing

1. Hypotheses Types, Formulation, and Testing

2. Definition of Hypotheses Hypotheses are statements in quantitative research in which the investigator makes a prediction or a guess about the outcome of a relationship among attributes or characteristics. Traditionally used in experiments, they serve, like research questions, to narrow the purpose statement to specific predictions. These predictions are not simply an “educated guess.” Rather, researchers base them on results from past research and literature where investigators have found certain results and can now offer predictions as to what other investigators will find when they repeat the study with new people or at new sites.

3. Characteristics of Hypotheses Is the language clear and focused? 1 Is your hypothesis testable? 3 What is the relationship between your hypothesis and your research topic? 2 Does your hypothesis include both an independent and dependent variable? 4

4. Types of Hypothesis 2. Alternative Hypothesis It predicts the relationship between two or more independent and dependent variables. It have two types. directional and non-directional. It states a negative statement to support the researcher’s findings that there is no relationship between two variables. 1. Null Hypothesis

5. 4. Directional Hypothesis 5. Non-Directional Hypothesis It specifies the expected direction to be followed to determine the relationship between variables, and is derived from theory. Furthermore, it implies researcher’s intellectual commitment to a particular outcome. It does not predict the exact direction or nature of the relationship between the two variables. Non-directional hypothesis is used when there is no theory involved or when findings contradict previous research.

6. Importance of a Testable Hypothesis To devise and perform an experiment using scientific method, you need to make sure that your hypothesis is testable. To be considered testable, some essential criteria must be met: There must be a possibility to prove that the hypothesis is true. There must be a possibility to prove that the hypothesis is false. The results of the hypothesis must be reproducible.

7. 4 Steps of Hypothesis Testing The first step is for the analyst to state the two hypotheses so that only one can be right. The next step is to formulate an analysis plan, which outlines how the data will be evaluated. The third step is to carry out the plan and physically analyze the sample data. The fourth and final step is to analyze the results and either reject the null hypothesis, or state that the null hypothesis is plausible.

8. Thank you

9. Resources How to Write a Research Hypothesis. (2019, February 14). Enago Academy. https://www.enago.com/academy/how-to-develop-a-good-research-hypothesis/ Majaski , C. (2021). How Hypothesis Testing Works. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hypothesistesting.asp