ICT information communication technology PPT-1 final.pptx

About Information communication technology

1. - Introduction to (ICT) in Education

2. INTRODUCTION Understanding Information Technology (IT) 📘 Definition: Information Technology (IT) refers to the use of computers, storage, networking devices, and infrastructure to process, store, retrieve, and transmit data. It involves both hardware (computers, servers, networking equipment) and software (applications, operating systems). The NCERT defines educational technology as the means of development application and evaluation of three different things :-1-Techniques, 2-System 3- Aids to improve the process of human learning. 🔍 Nature of Information Technology: Data-Driven: Focuses on the management of data and information. Infrastructure-Based: Relies on hardware and software components. Systematic and Automated: Enhances speed, accuracy, and automation in information handling. Dynamic and Evolving: Constantly advancing with new innovations like cloud computing, AI, and cybersecurity.

3. 🎯 Significance of IT in Education Digital Content Delivery: Enables multimedia learning through digital textbooks, e-content, and virtual labs. Automation of Processes: Streamlines administrative tasks like attendance, grading, and timetables. Data Management: Secure storage and analysis of academic records and learning analytics. Remote Learning Support: Supports online learning platforms, webinars, and LMS (e.g., Moodle, Google Classroom). Improves Efficiency: Saves time and resources, enabling educators to focus on pedagogy. Example Tools in IT: Microsoft Office, Google Workspace Learning Management Systems (LMS) Cloud storage platforms (Google Drive, OneDrive) Databases for student and course management

4. Scope of ICT in Education ICT serves multiple roles in education: Teaching: Smart classrooms, digital content, simulations. Learning: E-learning, adaptive software, virtual labs. Research: Data collection, statistical analysis, online surveys. Assessment: Online quizzes, digital portfolios, AI-based evaluations. Publication: E-journals, blogs, educational content creation.

5. Role of ICT in Teaching and Learning 📘 Teaching with ICT: Enhances content delivery using multimedia (audio, video, animation). Supports differentiated instruction for diverse learners. Enables interactive teaching through digital whiteboards, simulations, and AR/VR. Facilitates real-time teaching via platforms like Google Meet, Zoom, and Teams. 🧠 Learning with ICT: Promotes self-directed learning through e-learning platforms (SWAYAM, Coursera). Encourages collaborative learning using forums, wikis, and shared docs. Supports constructivist learning with tools that promote problem-solving and creativity. Offers personalized learning paths through adaptive learning software (Khan Academy, Duolingo).

6. ICT in Research, Publication, and Assessment 📝 ICT in Publication: E-Publishing: Creation and sharing of blogs, articles, and e-books via platforms like Medium and ResearchGate. Digital Journals: Submission to open-access and peer-reviewed journals online. 📊 ICT in Assessment: Online Assessments: Conduct quizzes, MCQs, assignments using Google Forms, Kahoot, Moodle. Instant Feedback: Automated grading and performance analytics for learners. Digital Portfolios: Use of e-portfolios to showcase and track student growth . 🔬 ICT in Research: Access to Information: Use of online databases (ERIC, JSTOR, Google Scholar). Data Collection: Digital surveys (Google Forms), online interviews, observation tools.. Collaboration: Shared platforms like Mendeley, Zotero, Overleaf for joint research projects

7. Collaborative Platforms in Education 🔹 Importance of Collaboration in Learning: Collaboration promotes critical thinking, communication skills, and deeper understanding. ICT tools foster meaningful peer-to-peer and teacher-student interaction—both synchronously and asynchronously. 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Online Discussion Forums: Platforms like Edmodo, Google Groups, Moodle allow learners to post questions, respond to peers, and reflect on ideas. Encourage active participation and development of reasoning skills. Useful for debates, peer feedback, and problem-solving activities . 📁 Group Work Tools: Google Docs, Microsoft OneDrive, Notion: Enable real-time collaboration on shared documents, presentations, and projects. Allow teachers to monitor individual contributions . Foster teamwork, co-creation, and peer learning . 🎥 Video Collaboration & Communication: Platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Flipgrid allow students to present ideas and respond to peers via video. Boost confidence, presentation skills, and engagement . Useful for virtual debates, storytelling, and presentations .

8. Key Elements of the Systems Approach: Input: Learner characteristics Instructional goals and content Process: Teaching-learning strategies and media Sequence and structure of instruction Output: Observable learning outcomes Learner performance Feedback: Ongoing evaluation Revision and improvement of instructional methods Systems Approach in Instructional Design

9. Needs Assessment: What are the learners' needs and existing skills? Setting Objectives: What should learners be able to do after instruction? Designing Instruction: Select methods, media, and content delivery systems. Implementation: Conduct the instruction (face-to-face, blended, or online). Evaluation: Formative and summative assessments to check effectiveness. Revision: Modify instruction based on feedback and results. 🧩 Steps in Applying the Systems Approach

10. 📘 What is the ADDIE Model? The ADDIE model is a widely-used instructional design framework that provides a systematic process for developing effective educational and training programs. It ensures instruction is learner-centered , goal-oriented , and measurable . Instructional Design – ADDIE Model Why Use ADDIE? Promotes structured and efficient instruction Enhances learner outcomes and satisfaction Provides continuous opportunities for feedback and revision Useful in curriculum development, training modules, and e-learning

11. 🔁 Five Phases of ADDIE: 1️⃣ A – Analyze Identify learner characteristics, knowledge gaps, and learning needs Define instructional problems and learning environment Determine learning goals and objectives 🛠 Key Tools: Surveys, interviews, test analysis 2️⃣ D – Design Create a detailed blueprint for instruction Define learning objectives (SMART format) Decide on content structure, assessment methods, and delivery format 🛠 Key Tools: Storyboards, lesson plans, flowcharts 3️⃣ D – Develop Create and assemble instructional materials Integrate graphics, videos, simulations, and assessments Review and refine content for accuracy and engagement 🛠 Key Tools: PowerPoint, Canva, Articulate, video editors

12. 🔁 Five Phases of ADDIE: 4️⃣ I – Implement Deliver the content through the selected medium (online, in-person, hybrid) Train instructors and provide learner access Ensure all tools and platforms are functioning smoothly 🛠 Key Tools: LMS platforms, feedback forms, observation 5️⃣ E – Evaluate Formative Evaluation: Conducted during each phase for improvements Summative Evaluation: Assess effectiveness at the end (e.g., tests, feedback) 🛠 Key Tools: Assessments, reflections, analytics

13. Instructional Design – ASSURE Model 📘 What is the ASSURE Model? The ASSURE Model is an instructional design framework tailored for integrating technology and media into teaching. It is teacher-friendly , practical, and emphasizes learner engagement through active participation. 🎯 Why Use ASSURE? Practical and adaptable for classroom settings Focuses on active learning and technology integration Supports inclusive and engaging instruction for diverse learners

14. 🔁 Six Key Steps of the ASSURE Model: 1️⃣ A – Analyze Learners Examine learners’ prior knowledge, learning styles, and motivations Identify age, grade level, cultural background, and special needs 🧠 Why important? To tailor instruction that is relevant and accessible. 2️⃣ S – State Objectives Define clear, measurable learning objectives using ABCD format : A udience, B ehavior, C ondition, D egree 🧠 Why important? Helps focus teaching and assess achievement. 3️⃣ S – Select Methods, Media, and Materials Choose the best instructional strategy (e.g., lecture, group work, discussion) Select appropriate media (videos, slides, simulations) and materials (handouts, tools) 🧠 Why important? Aligns instructional tools with learning goals.

15. 🔁 Six Key Steps of the ASSURE Model: 4️⃣ U – Utilize Media and Materials Prepare and test resources before use Ensure content is accessible and compatible with classroom tech Engage students with the selected tools through planned interaction 🧠 Why important? Promotes smooth integration of media into instruction. 5️⃣ R – Require Learner Participation Design active learning opportunities: Q&A, role plays, peer reviews Encourage hands-on interaction with materials 🧠 Why important? Enhances retention, critical thinking, and motivation. 6️⃣ E – Evaluate and Revise Assess learner performance against objectives Gather feedback on materials, methods, and delivery Revise future instruction based on outcomes and reflections 🧠 Why important? Ensures continuous improvement in teaching effectiveness.

16. Instructional Design – Dick and Carey Model 📘 What is the Dick and Carey Model? Developed by Walter Dick and Lou Carey, this model presents instructional design as a systematic process where each component is interdependent. It ensures that learning goals, teaching strategies, materials, and assessments are logically aligned to produce measurable learning outcomes. 🎯 Why Use This Model? Ensures alignment between goals, instruction, and evaluation Promotes learner-centered, data-driven decisions Ideal for e-learning, curriculum development, and teacher training

17. 🔟 10 Systematic Steps: 1️⃣ Identify Instructional Goals Define what learners will be able to do at the end of instruction. 🔹 Example: “Students will be able to solve linear equations.” 2️⃣ Conduct Instructional Analysis Break down the goal into essential steps, sub-skills, and concepts. 🔹 Example: Recognizing variables, isolating terms, applying inverse operations. 3️⃣ Analyze Learners and Contexts Understand learners’ background knowledge, attitudes, and learning preferences. Assess the learning environment (physical or digital). 🔹 Example: Grade level, tech access, language proficiency.

18. 🔟 10 Systematic Steps: 5️⃣ Develop Assessment Instruments Design tests or performance tasks that directly measure the stated objectives. 🔹 Example: Quizzes, problem-solving exercises, rubrics. 6️⃣ Develop Instructional Strategy Decide on instructional methods (e.g., lecture, group work, case studies), media, pacing, and feedback. 🔹 Example: Flipped classroom using videos + in-class problem-solving. 7️⃣ Develop and Select Instructional Materials Create or choose materials such as worksheets, presentations, videos, or interactive software. 🔹 Example: Khan Academy videos, worksheets, digital whiteboards.

19. 🔟 10 Systematic Steps: 8️⃣ Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation Test instruction with a small group of learners to identify issues. 🔹 Example: Pilot lesson followed by learner feedback and performance analysis. 9️⃣ Revise Instruction Improve materials, strategies, and assessments based on feedback and data. 🔹 Example: Adjust video length or add scaffolding if students struggled. 🔟 Design and Conduct Summative Evaluation Evaluate the overall success of the instruction in meeting learning goals. 🔹 Example: Post-test, satisfaction survey, instructor reflection.

20. Flanders’ Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS) Ten Categories of Classroom Interaction: 🧑‍🏫 Teacher Talk 1️⃣ Accepts Feeling – Acknowledges students' emotions 2️⃣ Praises or Encourages – Positive reinforcement 3️⃣ Accepts/Uses Ideas of Students – Builds on student input 4️⃣ Asks Questions – Elicits information or opinions 5️⃣ Lecturing – Giving facts or opinions 6️⃣ Giving Directions – Commands or instructions 7️⃣ Criticizing/Justifying Authority – Corrective talk 👩‍🎓 Student Talk 8️⃣ Student Talk – Response – Replying to teacher questions 9️⃣ Student Talk – Initiation – Student-initiated comments/questions 🤫 Silence or Confusion 🔟 Silence/Confusion – Pauses, confusion, or unrelated activity

21. Key Challenges in Implementing Educational Technology Infrastructure Gaps (Unreliable electricity, internet, lack of devices) Limited Teacher Training (Lack of ICT skills and confidence) High Cost of Technology (Hardware, software, maintenance expenses) Resistance to Change (Reluctance to adopt new methods) Cybersecurity & Data Privacy Concerns (Risk of data breaches and cyberbullying) Lack of Content Localization (Shortage of local language or culturally relevant content) Uneven Student Access & Digital Literacy (Disparity in device access and user skills)

22. The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Instructional Technology has significantly reshaped the landscape of modern education. These tools not only enhance the quality of teaching and learning but also facilitate research, publication, and assessment. Educational Technology, supported by structured instructional design models like ADDIE, ASSURE, and FIACS, helps in creating learner-centered and interactive environments. Although there are notable challenges such as lack of infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, and digital inequality, the potential benefits far outweigh the limitations. With the right vision and training, educators can effectively utilize technology to create meaningful and inclusive educational experiences. In essence, technology in education is not just about using devices or software—it is about adopting a progressive mindset that embraces innovation, collaboration, and continuous learning for both teachers and students. Conclusion

23. References Kumar, K.L. (1996). Educational Technology . New Age International Publishers. Aggarwal, J.C. (2010). Essentials of Educational Technology . Vikas Publishing House. Flanders, N.A. (1970). Analyzing Teaching Behavior . Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Roblyer, M.D., & Hughes, J.E. (2019). Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching (7th ed.). Pearson. Morrison, G.R., Ross, S.M., & Kemp, J.E. (2010). Designing Effective Instruction . John Wiley & Sons.

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