IDEAL Ph.D. SEMINAR VIVA PPT- CHEMISTRY

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND STUDY OF ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF
CONDUCTING POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH FLY ASH
- A Ph.D. PRE SUBMISSION SEMINAR-

1. Team Pristyn Research Solution SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CONDUCTING POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH FLY ASH - A Ph.D. PRE SUBMISSION SEMINAR-   [email protected] pristynresearch.com 9028839789 9607709586 BY : PRISTYN RESEARCH SOLUTIONS

2. RESEARCH TITLE: “SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CONDUCTING POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH FLY ASH” Fly Ash - A Ph.D. PRE SUBMISSION SEMINAR- Xyz xzy xyz zy ON DATE 25 JAN 2020 SATTURDAY DAY TEAM PRISTYN RESEARCH SOLUTIONS , UNDER SUPERVISION DR. xyz xyz yzx

3. SUMMARY CONCLUSION | FUTURE SCOPE | PUBLICATION . INTRODUCTION & AIM OF STUDY Fly Ash | Composition | Applications | Polyaniline | Polypyrrole | Polythiophene . PLAN OF WORK Review Of Literature | Evaluations | Synthesis | Characterization | Conclusion | Further Applications and Publication . MATERIAL & METHODS Fly Ash / Polyaniline / Polypyrrole & Polythiophene Synthesis And Evaluations And Characterization. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS SEM | TEM | FTIR | XRD | DTA & TGA Interpretations & Conclusion. PRESENTATION CONTENTS Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. 3

4. INTRODUCTION Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. What? WHAT IS FLY ASH? Fly ash is the finely divided residue that results from the combustion of pulverized coal and is transported from the combustion chamber by exhaust gases. Fly ash is produced by coal-fired electric and steam generating plants. WHAT ARE USES OF FLY ASH There are number of the field where Fly Ash is utilized like In construction for production of Cement , Concrete ,Ceramics. Some other applications include in : Agricultural Applications In waste management Biotechnological Applications Geotechnical Applications Environmental rehabilitation Miscellaneous applications Applications COMPOSITIONS GENERATION PROCESS WHAT ARE COMPOSITIONS OF FLY ASH? Fly Ash is composed of some Elemental Compositions like SiO2 ,Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO ,Na2O, K2O, SO3, P2O5, TiO2 . Also some common compositions like minerals, elements, glass etc. HOW FLY ASH IS GENERATED? Fly ash is produced by coal-fired electric and steam generating plants. Typically, coal is pulverized and blown with air into the boiler's combustion chamber where it immediately ignites, generating heat and producing a molten mineral residue. Fly Ash Production Process A DETAIL PRODUCTION PROCESS

5. INTRODUCTION Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. A s h g e n e r a t I o n p r o c e s e s

6. FLY ASH PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION: WORLDWIDE About 120 power plants in India depending on coal are generating 112 million tons of fly ash per year this makes India a leading fly ash production country. China is the only country, after India to produce fly ash in huge amount. The overall production and use of fly ash in different countries is shown in the graph above display. 112 MT INDIA UTILIZATION 38% INTRODUCTION Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash.

7. FLY ASH PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION: INDIA India is the leading country in fly ash production, every year it is expanding. This is because about 155 thermal power plants based on coal are producing more than 170 MT fly ash in a year. Since 1995, in India the manufacturing of fly ash is increasing every year and it is anticipated to more than 140 MT before 2020. 140 MT INDIA IN 2020 THERMAL POWER PLANTS 155 INTRODUCTION Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash.

8. Polyaniline is a conducting polymer It is a polymer of the semi-flexible rod polymer family. This polymer has attractive processing properties. Because of its rich chemistry, polyaniline is one of the most studied conducting polymers of the past 50 years INTRODUCTION Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Conducting polymers are the organic polymers that conduct electricity, these are now regarded as an essential class of electronic materials because of their possible and wide applications in optoelectronic devices, energy storage systems, sensors for hazardous gases and toxic fumes, organic light-emitting diodes. Like polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene. Polyaniline. Polypyrrole. Polythiophene . Polypyrrole is a type of organic polymer It is formed by the polymerization of pyrrole. PPy and related conductive polymers have two main application in electronic devices and for chemical sensors. It is yellow but darken in air due to some oxidation. Polythiophene is polymerized thiophenes PTs become conductive when oxidized. The electrical conductivity results from the delocalization of electrons along the polymer backbone. They are white solids with the formula (C4H2S)n. 01 POLYANILINE 03 POLYTHIOPHENE POLYPYRROLE 02

9. AIM & OBJECTIVES Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To synthesis of new polymer composites of with fly ash and to give society recent and new spectral data on synthesize material. PROCUREMENT & EVALUATIONS OF RESEARCH MOLECULE The study aims includes procurement of Fly Ash for present research from a Thermal Power Station (CTPS) and to evaluate for various characterizations for the determination of its purity. PROCUREMENT & EVALUATIONS OF POLYMERS Where study objective also included systematic structural study of polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene for purity with the help of spectral methods. FURTHER STUDY OBJECTIVE IS TO Determine the IR spectra, XRD and fluorescence. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA), as well as electrical conductance study of polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene in solid states. ENHANCED INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY After characterization, these polymer composites would be studied in detail in view of their applications as electrical conductors. 02 01 03 04 05

10. Procurement of Fly Ash Characterization of Fly Ash Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. The Fly ash used in the present research was obtained and collected from Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station (CTPS) 01 The Fly ash used in the present research was evaluated for various characterizations for the determination of its purity. Like: Ash content X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray fluorescence Scanning Electron Microscopy FTIR 02 01 02

11. Ash content: For the determination of Ash content, a suitable amount of Fly ash was taken later it was weighed in a dried porcelain crucible. Where polymer starts burning in air surround at the temperatures above 500°C. Later pre-weighed porcelain crucible was weighed in a desiccator once it got cool. Ash residual in the crucible was marked as filler and ash content was measured. FTIR of Fly Ash The samples for this analysis was prepared by the KBr tablet method; which required to put the solid sample admixed with a transparent alkali halide ( KBr ) in a mold which was exposed to a holding force to get a clear pill that permitted its intrusion in the analytical instrument. The spectral range to characterize this type of material was between 500 and 4000 cm-1. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. The Ash content in the obtained Fly ash sample was found to be 1%. 01 01 FTIR of Fly Ash

12. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of Fly Ash: Powdered fly ash → passed through 325 mesh size →mixture mill to homogenous →Nickel filter injected in the path of x-ray beam →scanning speed 10200/min. → displaying the characteristic peaks along with the ‘d’ values in angstrom units and the corresponding peak intensities of the mineral phases exits in the sample. X-ray fluorescence of Fly Ash: Utilized for quick identification of the elemental constituents of fly ash. The analysis was performed using the X-ray spectrometer operated by a microcomputer. Excitation radiation generated using chromium tube at 50 Kv and 48 mA. The constituents existing in the fly ash were determined qualitatively by measuring the wavelengths of characteristic fluorescent radiation by using continuous scans and the sharp analyzing crystals. Quantitative determination of the elements in each fly ash was measured by using the software. The software consists of interactive programs for the automatic operation of the spectrometer data collection and analysis. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of Fly Ash X-ray fluorescence of Fly Ash Semi-crystalline landscape of the material and a crystal structure. Graph displayed presence of variuos constituetns like SiO2 ,Al2O3, Fe2O3, Cao, MgO ,Na2O, K2O, SO3, Out Of higher concentration of the Cao & Na2O.

13. SEM of Fly Ash: For the determination of size and morphology → a filter placed on the porous glass filter →glass filter holder and the cylindrical upper portion clamped in placed→ A sample of the fly ash was introduced→ the resulting suspension stirred→ A modest vacuum applied to induce passage of the deposition of the fly ash as a layer on the surface of the membrane filter. →the filter assemblage was disassembled → the membrane filter with its layer removed →fastened to aluminum→ SEM sample stub with several spots positioned around the perimeter → morphology was recorded. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. The image “ A” is a secondary electron image of fly ash and the “ B” is a Backscattered electron image of fly ash which revels the morphology of fly ash sample and a detector identifies the number of electrons reflected. Brighter spots in an image mean a higher atomic number than the darker spots. SEM of Fly Ash SEM of Fly Ash

14. Polypyrrole Polyaniline Polythiophene SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS / COMPOSITES WITH FLY ASH SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS / COMPOSITES WITH FLY ASH 3 43 LOREM IPSUM 2 1 Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash.

15. 0.1 mol of aniline was liquified in 1000 ml of 2M HCl to form polyaniline (PANI). Liquification of Aniline 0.1 mol of NH42S2O8,added gradually with constant stirring, which acts as the oxidant. Furthermore, the reaction mixture was agitated continuously for alternative 8 hours. Development of Reaction mixture Precipitate dried out, PANI/FA mixtures were prepared in 3 wt % ratio, Where ratio of FA was diverse as 10%, 20% & 30% by weight. PANI/FA Mixtures wt % of FA powder (10%, 20% & 30%) was added to the PANI solution with stirring in order to preserve the FA powder suspended in the solution. Preservation of FA Powder The precipitate fashioned was collected . Washed & filtrate with H 2 O and dissolved till the filtrate became colorless. Precipitate Collection These samples were compelled in the form of circular thickness, 0.3 cm and pellets of diameter, 0.8 cm for more analysis. PANI composites with fly ash Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Polyaniline PANI composite of fly ash

16. of Fly Ash Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Polypyrrole ( PPy ) composite of fly ash 0.03 M of distilled pyrrole Processing Distillation of chemical compound with hydrolith for 24 hours alcohol Ammonium ion peroxodisulfate Metal p-toluene salt (STS) circular pellets

17. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash . 01 DISPERSION OF FLY ASH Fly ash was dispersed in 20 mL of CH3NO2 (solvent) using an ultrasonicator . STIRRING & DEVELOPMENT Obtained solution was added dropwise into a thiophene (0.4 mL) solution in 10 mL of n-C 6 H14 and the mixture was continuously stirred for 24 h. ADDITION & MIXING FeCl3 (2.44 g) was added to the dispersion and mixed thoroughly. FORMATION OF POLYTHIOPHENE composites of various weight percentages of FA to thiophene (10%, 20% and 30%) were labeled as PTFA10%, PTFA20% and PTFA30%. CENTRIFUGATION & PURIFICATION Centrifugation was carried out and washed with ethanol for purification. powdery composite was dried at 60 o C for 24 h. 02 03 04 05 Polythiophene composite of fly ash

18. 04 TGA THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS 02 FTIR FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 03 SEM SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 01 XRD X-RAY DIFFRACTION CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYANILINE COMPOSITES WITH FLY ASH prepared & Synthesized polymers from Fly Ash were evaluated for various evaluations along with some analytical Characterization for there confirmation & Purity. Characterized composites were: Polyaniline. Polypyrrole. Polythiophene A common routine procedures and instruments was utilized for all the composites with little variation depending upon their characteristics. Evaluation techniques were: Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash.

19. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of polyaniline composites with fly ash : XRD X-ray diffraction pattern of PANI–FA composites with different concentrations. Pure PANI displays a distinctive XRD peak at 2θ = 25.9°, that resembles the emeraldine salt (ES-I) phase of the polymer. Crystalline phases of alumina oxide (Al2O3), quartz (SiO2), and mullite (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2). The PANI–FA composites at 10%, 20%, and 30% blending illustrate a sharp peak at 2θ = 26.6°, 27.2°, and 27.9° respectively.

20. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of polyaniline composites with fly ash : FTIR The FTIR spectra of PANI with different concentrations of FA The FTIR spectrum of pure aniline shows the broadening in individual peaks ranges 1275-7578 cm −1 . This is related to N-H extending the vibration of PANI. The decrease in the broadening of FTIR bands in the range 1459-7092 cm −1 was due to covalent and hydrogen bonding between–NH2 and –OH group of PANI and FA respectively. Further, the characteristic peaks detected at the spectrum of PANI are due to the quinoid ring interest at 1635 and 1159 cm –1 .

21. The image of FA in figure with Pure PANI consists of abundant spherical particles with the plane and smooth texture. These particles could be oxides of calcium and silicon. it is also evident that granularity rises with an accumulation of FA in PANI. in the complex with 10 wt % FA, the grains are much larger than the scale in the SEM, i.e., 20 µm, whereas in the merged with 30 wt % FA, the size series from a few microns to nearby 10 µm. SEM of PANI + 10 wt % FA illustrates nonuniform and porous surfaces. The PANI-FLYASH composites in figure with PANI + 20 wt % FA demonstrate with the spherical structure are detained among the porous surfaces of PANI. LOREM IPSUM DOLOR Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod . Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash . Characterization of polyaniline composites with fly ash : 10000X, 20kV, 15mmSEM pictures of Pure PANI 10000X, 20kV, 15mm SEM pictures of 10% PANI + FA 10000X, 20kV, 15mm SEM pictures of 20% PANI + FA 10000X, 20kV, 15mm SEM image of 30% PANI + FA SEM

22. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of polyaniline composites with fly ash : Thermogravimetric Analysis Thermogravimetric curves attained in air atmosphere at 10 °C min–1 for: FA; 10% PANI + FA, 20% PANI + FA, 30% PANI + FA The steady weight loss detected for the PANI/FA samples in the temperature range 80–450°C is accredited to the removal of adsorbed water (up to 30%) from both the polymer and oxide surface and acid dopant. Further, the decrease is also attributed to the interface of PANI with metal oxides such as Ti -O- Ti , Al2O3, and SiO2 present in FA. The thermogram of PANI indicated well-differentiated behaviour noticeable by a durable weight loss in the temperature range 470–600°C are detected for PANI/FA and PANI complexes.

23. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of Polypyrrole composites with fly ash : XRD X-ray diffraction pattern of Polypyrrole–FA complexes with diverse concentrations . Polypyrrole has a comprehensive peak at about 2θ = 25°. This is shown as the typical peak of the amorphous polypyrrole. The diffractogram exhibited the semi-crystalline behavior of the complex. This TGA thermogram shows respectable thermal stability of the PPY-FA complex as associated with pure polypyrrole.

24. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of Polypyrrole composites with fly ash : FTIR The Fourier transform infrared spectra of Polypyrrole–FA composites with different concentrations: (a)= Flys Ash, (b)=PPY10%+F.A, (c)=PPY20%+F.A, (d)=PPY30%+F.A The characteristic bands observed at 1620 cm−1 and 2842 cm−1 in Polypyrrole are allocated respectively to the non-symmetric trembling manner of C=C in benzenoid and quinoid ring system in polypyrrole. The IR spectra of Polypyrrole composite in presence of FA exhibit new peaks distinctly at 3244, 3449 and 3617 cm– 1 which might be allocated to the occurrence of numerous metal oxides in the composite. This peak can correspond to the internal SiO4 tetrahedra, particularly the Si-O-Si chain structure.

25. A very high enlargement reveals the homogeneous spreading of FA ( cenosphere ) particles. It is seen from the micrograph that granular and cluster structure of polypyrrole is preserved even after the accumulation of FA in polypyrrole. Hence, a system of granular polypyrrole and FA has been designed in the case of composites. It is perceived from the micrograph that cluster and granular structure of polypyrrole is preserved even after the addition of FA in polypyrrole. Hence, a system of FA and granular polypyrrole has been designed in case of complexes. LOREM IPSUM DOLOR Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod . Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash . Characterization of Polypyrrole composites with fly ash : 10000X, 20kV, 15mm SEM pictures of Pure Polypyrrole 10000X, 20kV, 15mm SEM pictures of 10% PPY + FA 10000X, 20kV, 15mm SEM pictures of 20% PPY + FA 10000X, 20kV, 15mm SEM pictures of 30% PPY + FA SEM

26. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of Polypyrrole composites with fly ash : Thermogravimetric Analysis Thermogravimetric curves gained in air atmosphere at 10 °C min–1 for: FA; PPY + 10 wt % FA, PPY + 20 wt % FA, PPY + 30 wt % FA is stable within the vary from temperature to 700°C and once incorporated in polypyrrole, restricts the thermal motion of the polypyrrole chains and shields the degradation of the chemical compound. the load loss for polypyrrole and PPy -FA composite (10%, 20%, and 30%) at 700ºC is found to be 84% and 56%, 42% and 23%, respectively.

27. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of Polythiophene composites with fly ash : XRD XRD patterns of (a) FA, (b) PTh , (c) PTFA10%, (d) PTFA20% and (e) PTFA30% composite XRD patterns of (a) FA, (b) PTh , (c) PTFA10%, (d) PTFA20% and (e) PTFA30% composite. Pure PTh exhibit a weak and broad diffraction peak at 2θ=24.650, which indicates that the PTh is amorphous in nature. For the PTFA10% composite, the peak at 11.450 has shifted to 11.65 with a significant decrease in peak intensity.

28. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of Polythiophene composites with fly ash : FTIR FTIR spectra of (a) pure PTh , (b) FA, (c) PThFA10%, (d) PThFA20% and (e) PThFA30% composite. In the FTIR spectra of PTh (Figure (a)), peaks at 1549, 1465, and 3460 cm-1 are associated with the C-C, C-N, and N-H stretching vibration in the pyrrole ring. The peaks located at 2920 and 2831 cm-1 are designated as the asymmetric stretching and symmetric vibrations of CH2. In the FTIR spectrum of FA (Figure (b)), the broad peak at 3409 cm-1 and a peak at 1719 cm-1 can be assigned to O-H stretching vibration and the carbonyl (C=O) stretching respectively.

29. A layered structure of individual FA sheets with a lateral dimension of few micrometers is observed in the TEM image of Figure (a). The TEM image of PTFA10% (Figure (b)) shows a crumpled and agglomerated sheet-like structure with hundreds of nanometers. The wrinkled structure observed in the TEM image of PTFA10% sheets is due to the rapid removal of intercalated functional groups in graphitic oxide during exfoliation. The TEM image of the PTFA20% composite (Figure (c)) shows some fiber-like structures of PTh which are decorated at the surface of the FA sheets. It confirms the formation ordered PTh chain on the surface of the FA sheets. From the TEM image of PTFA30% composite, (Figure (d)) it is observed that the exfoliated FA sheets are decorated by PTh nanoparticles, leading to the formation of well-dispersed composite sheets. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash . Characterization of Polythiophene composites with fly ash : TEM images of (a) FA, (b) PTh , (c) FA/ PTh , (d) PTFA10%, (e) PTFA20% and (f) PTFA30%composite. TEM

30. Material Methods & Results Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Characterization of Polythiophene composites with fly ash : Thermogravimetric Analysis TGA curves of (a) PTh , (b) PTFA10%, (c) PTFA20%, (d) PTFA30% composite and (e) FA The TGA curve of pure PTh (Figure (a)) shows that PTh is stable up to 2000C and then major degradation starts at 240 o C which is due to the thermal decomposition of PTh . In the composites, major degradation starts at higher temperatures (248-2600C) compared to pure PTh . Further it is observed that the weight retention value of the PTh /FA (3 wt.%) composite increases upto 19% on incorporation of FA compared to pure PTh which shows only 4% weight retention value at 600 C.

31. SUMMARY Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. SUMMARY This research has created a booming effort towards the higher utility of fly ash, which is taken into account to be associate degree conservation waste. These composites could become promising candidates for progressive materials to be employed in the high-technology industries within the future. additionally, these materials will cut back the value thanks to the usage of FA. Higher Utility Of F.A S T F B SYNTHESIZED THE POLYMER Present research successfully synthesized the polymer composites i.e. polyaniline-fly ash (PANI-FA), polypyrrole -fly ash (PPY-FA) and polythiophene-fly-ash ( PTh -FA). NEW COMPOSITES The FTIR spectra confirm the formation of new composites whose spectral properties do not resemble either PANI or PPY or FA, which were used for the preparation of the composites. THERMAL DEGRADATION Considerable enhancement of degradation temperature (50°C) is noticed for the PPy -fly ash composite which is attributed owing to the occurrence of fly ash particles as filler in the polypyrrole medium. HIGHER UTILITY OF FA These composites could become promising candidates for progressive materials to be employed in the high-technology industries within the future. Successfully synthesized the polymer They are used in the study in three weight percentages (10%, 20%, and 30%). TGA reveals that the corresponding weight loss in PANI-FA, PPY-FA, and PTh -FA composites represent Thermal degradation of the polymer. Formation of new composites Booming effort towards the higher utility of fly ash

32. CONCLUSION Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ALTERNATIVE USES Understanding the coal formation and combustion processes provided both a background and basis for the alternative uses of the resultant fly ash. Fly ash, although posing environmental pollution, it is an important raw material for various applications. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY The unburned carbon in fly ash plays an important role for adsorption and converted to activated carbon, which will enhance the adsorption capacity. There should be a greater emphasis on the development of new technology for efficient utilization of fly ash. IN SITU POLYMERIZATION The current study has successfully synthesized the PANI–FA and pyrolle -FA composites by in situ polymerization with different ratios of polyaniline and polypyrolle to FA. BEST SUITED CONDUCTING POLYMER Conclusively, it can be stated that the generated composites of fly ash i.e. polyaniline and polypyrrole are best suited as conducting polymer because of their excellent electrical and thermal properties . ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Fly ash utilization program must be extensively taken up covering various aspects at different level to minimize the environmental pollution. NEW CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW POLYMER Significant efforts have been made for the new characterization of new polymer composites of polyaniline and polypyrrole with fly ash by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy .

33. Another versatile space from the technological purpose of reading is that the studies on composites containing conducting compounds associate degreed an inert polymer matrix. However, still, additional analysis is required to establish their immense usage. Further, these materials have huge potential for specialized applications in Space and Aeronautics. Polyaniline and Polypyrrole family of composites have garnered much attention worldwide due to their high environmental stability, low cost, and lightweight. Polyaniline and Polypyrrole fly ash composites have several potential applications in sensors, electronic devices, photovoltaic devices, electroluminescence, molecular electronics, fabrication of amplifier circuits and capacitors, in microwave absorbing materials due to their low dielectric loss. They can also act as a catalyst supporting low conducting coatings for top voltage transmission cables and for the anodal protection of steel against corrosion. Moreover, there's terribly nice potential to use them within the just about undiscovered medical specialty applications The advents of conducting polymers represent one of the most important industrial revolutions of the 21st century. Conducting polymers is becoming increasingly important for a variety of applications. These newly developed materials will not only replace metals in several areas but will also become part of daily electronic appliances. Future scope Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash This Research has created sincere efforts towards the higher utility of ash by synthesizing PANI-FA composites and polypyrole –fly ash and PTh -FA composites.

34. Publication Jurnal :  JTJRS ISSN:  0374-8588 UGC-CARE List Group:  Group D Impact Factor:  4.3 RESEARCH PAPER Publication Jurnal :  JTJRS ISSN:  0374-8588 UGC-CARE List Group:  Group D Impact Factor:  4.3 REVIEW PAPER PUBLICATIONS Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash. Web Link : http://gujaratresearchsociety.in/index.php/JGRS/article/view/1811

35. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CONDUCTING POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH FLY ASH Abstract Fly ash or flue ash, also known as pulverized fuel ash, is a coal combustion product that is composed of the particulates (fine particles of burned fuel) that are driven out of coal-fired boilers together with the flue gases. The composite materials of fly ash have a good characteristic of withstanding wear resistance, hardness and tensile strength. Due to less weight and good strength, composite materials perform an essential role in the engineering field. Conducting polymer composites of polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole ( PPy ) and polyethylene dioxythiophene with different dielectrics and fly ash can be synthesized by various methods. These composites of conducting polymer have extended their sphere and presently finding their usage in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding technology. Current research deals with the study of synthesis and electrical conductivity and thermogravimetric analysis of conductive polymer composites (polyaniline and polypyrrole) with fly ash. Clean and pure fly ash procured from Chandrapur super thermal power station was characterized for Ash content, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy later used for the synthesis of polyaniline and polypyrrole composites. The fly ash composites were tested for X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of developed composites of fly ash demonstrated that the composites have good electrical and thermal conductivity with fly ash. FLY ASH: CURRENT INDIAN AND WORLDWIDE SCENARIO Abstract Fly ash is a fine gray powder comprising typically glassy and spherical particles that are formed as a byproduct of coal-fired power station. It consists of many minerals (quartz, kaolinite etc.), elements (P, K, Cu, Mg, Mn, etc.), crystalline phases (gypsum, aluminum oxide, iron, etc.), and is a cheap material having typical applications in various areas: cement production, concrete, ceramics, agriculture, waste management, and environmental rehabilitation etc. It is a valuable material produced largely in Thermal Power Stations (TPS). Every year the fly ash production in India is growing this is because of the increasing number of power stations. According to a report, more than 155 thermal power stations are currently producing more than 170 million tons fly ash this is because the generated fly ash at NTPC stations is widely used in the production of concrete products, cement, and cellular concrete products, bricks, blocks and tiles etc. Current review deals with the worldwide production and utilization of Fly ash also in India and in Indian states. The objective behind paper is to focus on commercial interest of industries and Indian regulations with initiatives on fly ash utilization, redefines the Ash generation process also provides the unique static on patents filed in US on it Abstracts PUBLICATIONS Synthesis, Characterization & Study Of Electrical Conductivity And Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Conducting Polymer Composites With Fly Ash .

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