identification of new microorganisms with probiotic potential and.pptx

AULA IMPORTANTE SOBRE TEMA

1. Identification of new microorganisms with probiotic potential and activity against enteropathogens Dr. Herminio Mendes

2. Introduction What area probiotics? According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO) , probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when they are administered in adequate amounts (FAO/WHO, 2006). Specially, bacteria belonging to genus Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which are the predominant and subdominant groups on the gastrointestinal microbiota, respectively, are the most widely used probiotic bacteria and are included in many functional foods and dietary supplements (GOURBEYRE et al., 2011). Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium

3. History of Probiotics Metchnikoff – acid producing bacteria in fermented milk products 1907 Probiotics term coined in 1965 by Lilly And Stillwell Probiotics, which means "for life" was meant to contrast "antibiotics", popularly prescribed and known to also destroy beneficial organisms and impact the immune system. Elie Metchnikoff

4. Relevance Why are probiotics importante for human life ? Destroy the gut microflora Emergency of antibiotic resistance strains Public health problems Antibiotics Human diseases Stress delays in children's linear and cognitive development Problems in digestion Problems in the absortion of nutrientes in the body

5. Where we found probiotics ? Generally, the selection of new probiotic strains for human use is sourced from human intestinal flora and breast milk (MARTIN et al., 2009) Intestinal microflora With a long history of the safe use of probiotics in fermented dairy products and recognition of their beneficial effects on human health, the food industry has become increasingly interested in these types of microorganisms source of new species

6. Microflora Composition The initial composition of the gut microbiota begins to be established concomitantly with birth and depends fundamentally on two factors: DELIVERY MODE Cesarian Vaginal NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE MOTHER Normal Development of the Immune System Production of specific cytokines for proper immune system development Disrupted Intestinal Microbial Colonization Increase risk for Atopic Diseases , Asthma , Allergic Rhinitis , and Celiac Disease Association : Delayed Onset of Lactation Lack Breast Milk Support  for  Gut  Flora

7. Identification of new strains The criteria for the selection of probiotics include tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions (gastric acid and bile), the ability to adhere to the gastrointestinal mucosa and competitive exclusion of pathogens (SANDERS, 2013). Diarrhoea is a leading killer of children, accounting for approximately 9% of all deaths among children under age 5 worldwide in 2022. This translates to over 1,300 young children dying each day, or about 484,000 children a year, despite the availability of a simple treatment solution

8. Doctorate Thesis Biological Samples – 30 samples The breastmilk from different stages (Colostrum, Transitional milk and Mature Milk) Stools samples of exclusively breast-fed infants under 1 month of age. Transitional milk Colostrum Mature Milk Total = 90 samples Total = 30 samples Infant stools

9. Doctorate Thesis Bacterial Isolation , Probioct Evaluation and Molecular Identification Bacteria were isolated from stool samples and breastmilk samples, as previously described (Thompson- Chagoyan et al., 2010) with modifications. Evaluation of probiotic potential Antagonic activity Adhesion assays Resistant to bile salt and gastric juice Antibiotic susceptibility test Stools samples And milk samples (PBS; pH 7.4) MRS MRS 37 °C for 48-72 h under anaerobic conditions API 50 CHL Biochemical characterization Microscope analysis -80 °C Bacterial cell Futher analysis MiSeq Platform ( Illumina ) 16s rRNA Sequencing Disc difusion method CLSI 2012 HT-29 Cells and Mucin Biding Assay V3-V4 ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC Enterpathopgens

10. What are the actions of probiotics? Probiotics mode of action Modification of microbial population Modification of the structure and function of intestinal epithelium Competition for nutrients Production of specific substances ( organic acide, bacteriocins , dipiocolinic acid Aggregation with pathogenic bacteria Competitive adhesion to epitelial receptors

11. Diarrheal disease In diarrhea, the effects of probiotics are not yet fully elucidated, however, some works reports beneficial effects of probiotics on some types of diarrhea.

12. Diarrheal disease Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are considered important etiologic agents of intestinal infection worldwide , especially in children (Acosta et al. 2016, Al- Gallas et al. 2007, Bueris et al.2007, Dias et al. 2016, Ieanyi et al. 2015, lijima et al. 2017). Several distinct clinical syndromes accompany infection with diarrheagenic E. coli categories , including   traveler's diarrhea ( enterotoxigenic E. coli ) hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome persistent diarrhea (enteroaggregative E. coli) and watery diarrhea of infants (entero-pathogenic E. coli) DEC

13. How probiotics work in the treatment and prevention of diarrhea? Competetive exclusion of enteric pathogens Probiotics Tiggers cytokine synthesis from enterocytes by attaching to their surface Inhibit growth of potential pathogens by producing lactic acid , bacteriocin etc Restore the normal intestinal flora during antibiotic therapy Produce toxic metabolites e.g hydrogen peroxide Production of butyric acid Increased turnover of enterocytes Neutralization of dietary carcinogens

14. Thank you all Lençóis Maranhenses National Park in Brazil