Ideology pak studies in detail of chap qpptx

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1. Ideology

2. Ideology A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy. Ideology , a form of social or political  philosophy  in which practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones. It is a system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world and to change it.  “Ideology is a body of ideas concerning economic, social and political values and goals which posit action programmes for attaining these goals.”— Padelford and Lincoln

3. “Ideology is a set of ideas that purports to give meaning to the past, to explain the present and to prognosticate (Predict)the future.” —Richard W. Sterling

4. An  ideology  is a collection of  normative   beliefs  and  values  that an individual or group holds for other than purely  epistemic  reasons.  In other words, these rely on basic assumptions about reality that may or may not have any factual basis. The term is especially used to describe systems of ideas and ideals which form the basis of economic or political theories and resultant policies.  In  political science  the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to  political belief systems .

5. Importance of Ideology The role of ideology in international relations/Political Philosophy can be hardly over emphasized. It is an element of National Power. In fact, the true nature of a policy followed by a nation is always concealed under ideological justifications and rationalizations.  “Ideology refers to the particular ideologies which are used by nations for securing the goals of their national interests. These are in the form of simple, legal or ethical or biological principles such as justice, equality, fraternity or natural struggle in relations”

6. Ideology influences the choice of the goals and objectives of national interest as well as the means for securing these goals. The general ideologies of liberal democracy and communism acted as important factors of the cold war foreign policies of the USA and Erstwhile USSR, and hence of international relations. In fact, each nation uses a number of particular ideologies or ideological principles as well as a general ideology for explaining and justifying its actions and policies in international relations/Political Science. As such, the study of behaviour of nations in international relations requires an evaluation of the role of ideology.