IGCSE ICT - ICT Applications - Ajiro Tech - Part 3

These slides explores communication modeling in financial and civil engineering, flood water and traffic management, and weather forecasting. It also covers computer-controlled systems and school management systems, highlighting their applications and importance in various domains of modern technology and administration.
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1. WEEK 2to 3
ICT APPLICATIONS –CHAPTER 6
IT IS IMPORTANT YOU WRITE NOTES INTO
YOUR ICT NOTEBOOK
YOUR TEXTBOOK IS ALSO VERY IMPORTANT.
Page on the Textbook: 110 Part 3

2. ❖Computers in the retail industry
❖Recognition systems
❖Satellite systems
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
Ajiro Ndi
Table of Contents

3. Ajiro Tech –Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel
ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
9 Computers in the Retail Industry
Current Stock Level
10
6 Cans Purchased
When goods are sold at the POS the stock
control system is automatically updated.
Current Stock Level 4
If Stock Falls Below 5
(Pre-set)
True: Reorder 10
Order is sent to the
suppliers.
Suppliers address details
stored in database.
POS (Point of Sale) is the place a transaction takes place. Customers can pay by cash or using
their debit/credit cards. Stock control systems can automatically update stock records when
items are purchased at the POS.
Bar codescanner
used to scan
items at POS
The suppliers send a delivery(10
cans of beans) to the store.
Stock control system automatically
updates the stock levels adding the
delivered goods.
- 6
purchased
cans
Ajiro Ndi

4. Ajiro Tech –Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel
ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
9 Computers in the Retail Industry
1. Customer gives bank card to cashier at POS.
2. The cashier enters the card in to the chip and pin reader
and confirms the value of the purchase.
4. The shops computer will use the account details on the
chip to connect to the customers bank account and check
the balance.
5. If funds are sufficient then the transaction will be
approved.
7. Once the transaction is complete receipt will be printed.
The cashier will give the card and receipt to the customer.
6. The purchase amount is subtracted from the customer’s
account and deposited into the shops banks account.
EFTPOS (Electronic Fund Transfer Point of Sale) is when a customer uses a card to complete a
transaction.
3. The customer is requested to enter their pin. If Pin
matches the Pin stored on the chip then the transaction can
continue.
Pin entered has
to be correct for
the transaction
to continue. The
card will also be
checked for
validity (expiry
date/stolen).
If funds are not available a
declined message will be
sent to the stores
computer. The cashier will
then request for another
method of payment
Ajiro Ndi

5. Ajiro Tech –Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel
ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
9 Computers in the Retail Industry
The use of chip and PINin the case of payment at a supermarket, this is usually done by inserting the card into
a reader. The reader makes a connection with the chip embedded in the card.
Advantagesof chip and PIN cards Disadvantagesof chip and PIN cards
•They are more secure system than magnetic stripe cards (PIN
typed in must match up with PIN stored on chip).
•It is a quicker system than magnetic stripe cards and allows for
contactless payments to be made (with chip and PIN the card
reader does not need to be actually connectedto the
internet/phone line to start the transaction process; with
magnetic stripe cards, the card reader must first contact the
customer’s bank before any authorisation can take place).
•The risk of fraud when typing in the PIN –the
customer needs to be careful to ensure the PIN
is not being read by somebody else while typing
it in.
•Some countries do not accept chip and PIN
cards.
Near field communication (NFC) devices
•The electronic device (for example, mobile phone) is held close to
the NFC reader (the terminal); this only works up to a distance of 5
cm, so the devices need to be very close together.
•When the NFC (contactless) payment is initiated, the NFC terminal
and electronic device (smartphone) pass encrypted data back and
forth to each other to enable the payment to be made.
•This is very secure because NFC communications are encrypted
and are dynamic (which means encrypted data being shared
changes every time a transaction takes place).
•Mobile phone manufacturers use tokenisation to improve security.
Use of tokenisation with mobile phones
Tokenisation is used when setting up a mobile wallet. The
user takes a photograph of their credit card using the
smartphone’s camera.
The details on the card (such as card number and name of
bank) are securely sent by the smartphone
manufacturer/mobile wallet company to the bank that
issued the card.
The bank replaces the details on the card with a series of
randomly generated numbers (called tokens), which they
send back to the mobile phone manufacturer, who then
programs this random number into the user’s smartphone.
This random number is then the one used for transactions.

6. Ajiro Tech –Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel
ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
9 Computers in the Retail Industry
Internet banking and shopping is becoming more popular to users due to the development of
the internet and the advancement of mobile internet technology.
Advantages Disadvantages
•Internet is now available on more platforms
including applications available on phones and
tablets.
•Internet can be accessed 24/7.
•No need to travel (saves money on travel/parking)
•Saves time (No need to que in the banks or shops)
•Access to wide range of goods on the internet.
•Useful for individuals who find it difficult to travel
and goods can be delivered directly to your home.
•People can spend more time doing other leisure
activities.
•Online accounts could be
hacked/cards details could be stolen.
•Users require a internet connection and
need to be computer literate.
•Lack of socialising/exercising.
•You can not see the goods before
you buy (try on clothes).
•Delays in delivery.
Effects on companies due to the spread of online shopping and banking
•Companies can save costs because fewer staff need to be paid and it is not necessary to have as many
shops and banks in high streets to deal with potential customers.
•Because the internet is global, the potential customer base is increased.
•There are also costs due to the setting up and maintaining of websites to enable online shopping and
banking.
•Robberies are less likely due to the decrease in the number of high-street banks.

7. Ajiro Tech –Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel
ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
10 Recognition Systems
Recognition Systems are used to directly enter data into a computer system. Recognition
systems tend to be more accurate and quicker method of entering data into a computer system
compared to manual methods.
ANPR
Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) systems are used to read the
number plates on cars in a number ofapplications.
Sensors are used to detect a car (if itsgone over the line) and a signal will be
sent to the microprocessor to take the image of the number plate.
OCR
Scanned text is converted into a format which can be
edited.
OMR
Pencil or pen marks are scanned in by the OMR (Optical Mark Reader).paper-
based systems are still used in many schools. The paper-based registers are
often scanned in toa computer using OMR. The attendance records are then
stored on a central database.
RFID
Uses radio waves to capture and store information on a
tag.
Ajiro Ndi

8. Ajiro Tech –Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel
ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
11 Satellite Systems
GPS (Global Positioning Systems)and Satellite Navigation
GPS can determine a specific locations using satellite navigation systems.
•Cars, Ships, Planes can use GPS when navigating to specific locations.
•Walkers to locate position on hills/mountains.
•Used by runners to calculate distance.
•Cars usually refer to GPS as satellite navigation systems(i.e.satnav)
Advantagesof GPS and satnavDisadvantagesof GPS and satnav
•Drivers do not have to use maps
•The system can estimate the time
of arrival.
•The system can also give
useful information such as
location of petrol
•Stations
•Loss of satellite signals can cause
problems
•If the maps are not kept up to date,
they can give incorrect instructions.
•Unless the system is sophisticated,
road closures due to accidents or
roadworks, can cause problems.
•Typically four satellites must be visible to the receiver.
•Calculates the distance from a receiver to the satellite.
•Calculates the position of the receiver.

9. Ajiro Tech –Best IGCSE ICT YouTube Channel
ICT Applications
Chapter 6
:
ICT Applications
11 Satellite Systems
GIS (Geographic Information System)
GIS is a computer system that allows us to map,model,query andanalyse
large amounts of data according to their location
•It allows geographical and thematic data of any kind
to be combined in a way which shows how they are
connected to each other
•It allows the handling and exploration of huge
amounts of data (massive number crunching).
•It allows data to be integrated from a wide range of
very different sources (which appear at first to be
totally unconnected).
•The learning curve on GIS software
can be very long.
•GIS software is very expensive.
•GIS requires enormous amounts of
data to be input (thus increasing the
chances of errors).
•It is difficult to make GIS programs
which are both fast and user-friendly;
Examples of the use of GIS
•Emergency services use GIS to send the closest emergency personnel to a location.
•Biologists and environmentalists use GIS to protect animal life and plants in certain vulnerable
areas.
•Teachers can use GIS in their geography, science or engineering lessons.
•It can be used for crime mapping in a region or in a country.
•It can be used for route monitoring (used in conjunction with route scheduling software).
•» It can be used for management of agricultural crop data.
•It can map of wildfire risks (it was used in Australia in 2019 during the wildfire outbreaks; it was
possible to map out where and how the fire was spreading).
DisadvantagesAdvantages