IKONOS-2.pptx

A brief presentation on one of the earth observation satellite IKONOS.

1. IKONOS Presented By, Ganesh K. Hebbal

2. INTRO IKONOS  is a commercial  Earth observation satellite , and was the first to collect publicly available high-resolution imagery at 1- and 4-meter resolution. It offers  multispectral  (MS) and  panchromatic  (PAN) imagery. The IKONOS launch was called “one of the most significant developments in the history of the space age”

3. Athena II (vehicle used for SAT launch) The Athena II is an American small expendable launch system which was used for three launches between 1998 and 1999 The Athena II is a four-stage rocket, consisting of solid first, second and third stages, and a monopropellant liquid-fuelled fourth stage.

4. Athena II (INTRO) During the 1990s, three Athena II launches were conducted, with one failure. The Athena II launch took place from SLC-6 at Vandenberg on 27 April 1999, with the Ikonos satellite for Space Imaging . The launch ended in failure after the payload fairing failed to separate, and as a result the rocket had too much mass to achieve orbital velocity. [ The third launch also took place from SLC-6 at Vandenberg, on 24 September 1999. The payload, Ikonos 2, was also for Space Imaging, and successfully reached orbit. [

5. IKONOS-1 Two satellites were originally planned for operation. IKONOS-1 was launched on 27 April 1999 at 18:22  UTC from Vandenberg Air Force Base SLC-6 , [8][9] but Athena II rocket's payload fairing did not separate due to an electrical malfunction, resulting in the satellite failing to reach orbit and falling into the atmosphere over the South Pacific Ocean. [10] IKONOS has a mass of 817 kilograms It has five imaging sensors, one panchromatic and four multispectral (blue, green, red, and near-infrared), and has a nadir image swath width of 11.3 km (7 mi). [

6. IKONOS-2 The IKONOS satellite sensor was successfully launched as the first commercially available high resolution satellite sensor on September 24, 1999 at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USA.

7. Launch Information Launch Date:  1999-09-24 at 18:22:00 UTC Launch Vehicle:  Athena 2 Launch Site:  Vandenberg AFB, United States Expiry Date: 2015-03-31 IKONOS was originated under the Lockheed Corporation as the Commercial Remote Sensing System (CRSS) satellite. The name comes from the Greek word for "image".

8. FEATURES Sub-meter resolution imagery. 0.82m panchromatic at Nadir 3.2m multispectral at Nadir High geological Accuracy Stable platform for precise location measurement First Large Area Collection 11.3km imaging swath width High Collection Capacity Captures upto 2,40,000 sq.mts per day.

9. BENEFITS Acquire high quality satellite imagery for map creation, change detection, imagery analysis & more. Geolocate features to create maps worldwide. Collect wide range of Geospatial Information Products. Extend the range of suitable imaging collection targets improving decision making.

10. Specifications IKONOS is a three-axis stabilized spacecraft The design later became known as the LM900 satellite bus system. The satellite's altitude is measured by two star trackers and a sun sensor and controlled by four reaction wheels; location knowledge is provided by a GPS receiver. The design life is seven years. Satellite body size=1.83 m × 1.57 m (hexagonal configuration); Satellite mass = 817 kg; power = 1.5 kW provided by three solar panels.

11. Specifications Orbit Height : 681km Orbit Inclination: 98.1°, sun synchronous. Equator Crossing Time: 10:30 AM solar time. Revisit Time: 3 days @60° Swath: 11 km × 11 km Orbit Period: 98min Speed on Orbit: 7.5 km/s Speed Over the Ground: 6.8 km/s Revolutions Around the Earth: 14.7, every 24 hours

12. Revisit Time

13. OSA (Optical Sensor Assembly) Sensor Panchromatic Image Sensor(13500p) Bands Spectral Band Resolution 1 0.49 – 0.90 µm 1 x 1 m Multispectral Image Sensor(3375p) Bands Spectral Band Resolution 1) Blue 0.45 – 0.52 µm 4 x 4 m 2) Green 0.52 – 0.60 µm 4 x 4 m 3) Red 0.63 – 0.69 µm 4 x 4 m 4) NIR 0.76 – 0.90 µm 4 x 4 m

14. Resolution Spatial resolution: 0.8 m panchromatic (1-m PAN) 4-meter multispectral (4-m MS) Temporal resolution: The revisit rate for IKONOS is three to five days off- nadir and 144 days for true-nadir. Radiometric resolution: The sensor collects data with an 11-bit (0–2047) sensitivity and are delivered in an unsigned 16-bit (0–65535) data format. From time-to-time the data are rescaled down to 8-bit (0–255) to decrease file size. When this occurs much of the sensitivity of the data needed by remote sensing scientists is lost.

15. Sensor Imagery Image Collection Image Quality Radiometry Geometric Accuracy

16. Image Collection The IKONOS satellite is a monolithic pointing body. The camera is rigidly attached to satellite bus. The optical FOV of telescope a nadir swath of 11 km. The sensors collection rate is 5390 km²/min. The area collection rates for the various imaging modes along with the average historical collection rate achieved rate and collection rate achieved for large area mapping is given by a chart.

17. Image Quality The high resolution satellites actually captures panchromatic and multispectral imagery.  Image quality can be described by SNR(Sound-Noise Ratio), MTF(Modulation Transfer Function ), and National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS)ratings. The angular relationship between the collector, the area of interest, and the sun has a dramatic impact on overall image quality. Periodically, a through focus set of images is collected with IKONOS and evaluated to determine if focus adjustment is required to maintain image quality.

18. Radiometry The IKONOS satellite was designed to meet radiometric requirements for calibration to an absolute standard, uniform relative response across the scene, linearity, and stability over time. In February 2001, a change was made to increase the gain of each multispectral array to eliminate saturation banding in images produced by extremely bright scenes.

19. FINALLY After successful completion of satellite launch, calibration, and test, Space Imaging began meeting the needs of government and commercial customers by delivering the products that interface the IKONOS satellite to the user community. These products meet customer needs for image analysis, cartography, and photogrammetry.

20. APPLICATIONS & PRODUCTS PRODUCTS Standard Original Precision Original Standard Master Precision Master Model APPLICATIONS NASA Scientific Data Purchase Image Analysis Cartography Photogrammetry Thank You