Immediate_Constituent_Analysis_UIN_Salatiga.pptx

Immediate_Constituent_Analysis_UIN_Salatiga.pptx

1. Immediate Constituent (IC) Analysis in English Syntax Understanding Sentence Structure through Hierarchical Analysis By: UIN Salatiga

2. What is Immediate Constituent Analysis? IC Analysis is a method used in syntax to break down sentences into their immediate parts or constituents. Each sentence can be divided into two immediate constituents at a time until reaching the smallest units (words or morphemes). It helps us understand how words combine to form phrases and how phrases combine to form sentences.

3. The Goal of IC Analysis • To show the hierarchical structure of sentences. • To clarify relationships between words and phrases. • To visualize how syntactic patterns operate in English. IC analysis helps us see grammar beyond word order.

4. Example 1: The boy runs 1. (The boy) + (runs) 2. (The + boy) = NP (Noun Phrase) 3. (NP + VP) = Sentence Structure: S ├── NP → The boy └── VP → runs

5. Example 2: The girl is dancing 1. (The girl) + (is dancing) 2. (The + girl) = NP 3. (is + dancing) = VP Structure: S ├── NP → The girl └── VP ├── Aux → is └── V → dancing

6. Example 3: The small dog barked 1. (The small dog) + (barked) 2. NP → (The + small + dog) 3. VP → (barked) Structure: S ├── NP │ ├── Det → The │ ├── Adj → small │ └── N → dog └── VP → barked

7. Example 4: She ate an apple 1. (She) + (ate an apple) 2. (ate + an apple) = VP 3. (an + apple) = NP (object) Structure: S ├── NP → She └── VP ├── V → ate └── NP ├── Det → an └── N → apple

8. Example 5: The students read books 1. (The students) + (read books) 2. (The + students) = NP 3. (read + books) = VP Structure: S ├── NP → The students └── VP ├── V → read └── NP → books

9. Visual Summary IC analysis reveals: • Hierarchical sentence structure • How smaller units combine to form larger ones • A bridge between syntax and meaning Example pattern: S → NP + VP NP → (Det) + (Adj) + N VP → (Aux) + V (+ NP)

10. References Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. New York: Holt. Lyons, J. (1968). Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Fromkin, V. et al. (2018). An Introduction to Language.