Immunology Laboratory Techniques and Diagnostic Applications”

This presentation covers key topics related to immunology laboratory practices. It includes types of immune responses, common lab tests such as ELISA and agglutination, blood sample handling, and interpretation of results. Ideal for medical and laboratory students seeking a practical understanding of immunology diagnostics

1. IMMUNOLOGY LAB 2
LEUKOCYTES
Dr. IbrahemAl-Majali
MutahUniversity
Faculty of Allied Medical Science
Medical Laboratory Sciences

2. INTRODUCTION TO LEUKOCYTES
•White blood cells are much lesscommon than red blood cells.
•There are five types of white blood cell (leucocyte). These are divided into
two main classes
•Granulocytes(includes Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils)
•Agranulocytes(includes Lymphocytes and Monocytes).

3. INTRODUCTION TO LEUKOCYTES
•Their main function is to protect the body against infections & foreign
invaders
•They are produced in bone marrow(red) and are found in blood &
lymphatic tissue
•A healthy individual typically has 4000 –11000 WBC/microliter
•All the white blood cells are able to move like an amoeba, and can migrate
out of blood vessels into the surrounding tissues.

4. GRANULOCYTES
•The granulocytes are so called because they have densely granules in their cytoplasm;
they are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes because of their lobulated nuclei.

5. GRANULOCYTES
Neutrophils
•The commonesttype of white blood cell found in a blood smear.
•They make up 60-70%of the total amount of white blood cells.
•Polymorphonuclear cells or PMNs
•Function: Neutrophils are short-lived& act as the first responders
to infections, especially bacterial infections. After engulfing
pathogens (phagocytosis), they often die and form pus.
•They are important in inflammatory reactions.

6. GRANULOCYTES
Neutrophils
•Phagocytosis, Firstresponse to infection
•Nucleus: Multilobed (2-5 lobes)

7. GRANULOCYTES
Eosinophils
•Rarely found in blood smears -making up 1-3%of the total white
blood cells
•Function: Fightingparasitic infections & involvedin allergic
reactions
•Nucleus: Bilobed
•Contain lots of bright red or reddish-purple (acid)
•Phagocytosis to a limited extent

8. GRANULOCYTES
Basophils
•The rarest type of white blood cell, making up only <1%of the
white blood cells found in a blood smear.
•Function: Play A Role In Both Parasitic Infections And Allergies
•Nucleus: Bilobed (difficult to see)
•Dark blue or purple-stained granules.

9. AGRANULOCYTES
Lymphocyte
•These are the second most common white blood cell (20-40%),
and are easy to find in blood smears.
•Function : They are primarily involved in Adaptive immune response
but also include cells that are part of Innate immune system .
•Smallest WBC
•Large round nuclei & small cytoplasm
•Life span: weeks to years

10. AGRANULOCYTES
Lymphocyte
•Divided into: B cells: Produce antibodies which are used to attack
invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins. & T cells: Divided into helper T
cells (which assist in the activation of other immune cells) and
cytotoxic T cells(which destroy virus-infected cells and cancer
cells). Natural Killer cells: Play a role in the rejection of tumor cells
and cells infected by viruses.

11. AGRANULOCYTES
Monocyte
•Monocytes are the third most common type of white blood cell;
about 2-10%of leucocytes are monocytes.
•The largesttype of WBC
•Kidney bean shaped
•Highly phagocytic

12. AGRANULOCYTES
Monocyte
•They deal with cellular debris and pathogens.
•Monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells
which then stimulate the action of other immune cells.
•Important in the inflammatory response.
Monocyte

15. THANKS FOR ATTENTION
Done by : Thekra Rawashdeh