Immunosuppressant in pharmacology nursing.pptx

This ppt presentation about immunosuppressant in nursing.this content is easy including introduction, definition, classification,pharmacodynamic, indication, contraindications,side effects, pharmacokinetics, nursing role.

1. F.i.solanki Immunosuppressant drug

2. The immune system normally protects the body against infections and foreign substances. In some cases (e.g., organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases), the immune system may overreact or attack self-tissues Immunosuppressant drugs reduce or modify immune activity to prevent tissue damage or rejection. Introduction

3. Definition Immunosuppressants are a group of drugs that inhibit or modulate the activity of the immune system by interfering with immune cell function,

4. Classification 1. Calcineurin Inhibitors Cyclosporine Tacrolimus 2. mTOR Inhibitors Sirolimus Everolimus 3. Antiprolifirative Azathioprine Mycophenolate mofetil

5. 4. Corticosteroids Prednisone Methylprednisolone 5. Biological Agents Muromonab 3 (OKT3)

6. Calcineurin inhibitors: Block calcineurin → prevent IL-2 transcription → inhibit T-cell activation. mTOR inhibitors : Block IL-2 signaling → inhibit T-cell proliferation. Antimetabolites : Interfere with DNA/RNA synthesis → inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. Corticosteroids : Suppress cytokine production, reduce inflammation, inhibit macrophage/lymphocyte activity action

7. Indications Organ transplantation (kidney, liver, heart, lung) → to prevent graft rejection. Autoimmune diseases Glomerulonephritis, Nephrotic syndrome.
Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis.
Prevention of graft-vs-host disease in bone marrow transplant.

8. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the drug. Active infections (e.g., TB, HIV, fungal, bacterial). Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes Pregnancy & lactation Renal impairment

9. Side effects Hyperlipidemia , Delayed woundhealing , mouth ulcers. Bone marrow suppression Cushing features, osteoporosis, infection diabetes, mood changes Increased infection risk malignancies

10. Drug Examples with Dose & Route Cyclosporine - Oral, IV; 3-5 mg/kg/day. 2. Tacrolimus - Oral, IV; 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/day. 3. Azathioprine - Oral; 1-3 mg/kg/day.

11. Pharmacokinetics Absorption : Most agents given orally (variable absorption). Distribution : Bind to plasma proteins; accumulate in lymphocytes and tissues. Metabolism : Mainly hepatic Excretion : Renal

12. Nursing Role 1. Assessment Monitor vital signs, renal & liver function, blood pressure Assess for signs of infection (fever, cough, sore throat Monitor drug levels (cyclosporine/ tacrolimus trough levels).

13. 2.Administration - Give drug at the same time daily - Oral drugs should not be crushed unless specified - IV drugs → administer slowly to avoid - infusion reactions. 3. Patient Education - Stress adherence: missed doses ↑ risk of rejection. - Avoid crownfection exposure.

14. - Practice good oral hygiene (risk of oral candidiasis). - Avoid grapefruit juice - Use contraception (some drugs teratogenic). 4. Monitoring -CBC , LFTS, RFTs regularly. - Blood glucose, lipid profile (for steroids/ sirolimus ). - Bone density (long-term steroid use).

15. Thank you