impact of environmental change on Biodiversity.ppt

impact of environmental change on Biodiversity.ppt

1. Impact of
Environmental
Change
on
Biodiversity

2. Biodiversity means Variety and
Variability of Species
Ephemeral
phenomenon
all forms of life, including
all species and genetic
variants within species
all ecosystems that
contain and sustain those
diverse forms of life.

4. It is life supporting system. Biodiversity also provides inputs
for agriculture without which production; either would not
occur or would be greatly decreased
Provide ecological services:
Contribution to climate stability
Protection of water resources
Nutrient storage and cycling
Soil formation and protection
Pollution breakdown and
absorption
Maintenance of ecosystems
Recovery from unpredictable
events

5. Climate Change in the NEWS…

6. Sea level rises threaten the viability of
many coastal zones and small islands.

Temperature rises are predicted to change
precipitation patterns - both seasonal and
absolute - which seem likely to exacerbate
water supply problems.
A greater risk of both flooding and
drought conditions in many parts of the
world.
Climate change also seems likely to
increase the magnitude, frequency and
risk of extreme climatic events,
such as storms and sea surges.
Global Impacts of Climate Change

7. Impact of climate change on
biodiversity of India
•Adverse effect on agriculture, health, forestry
and infrastructure.
•Temperature rise by 3
o
C to 4
o
C towards the
end of 21
st
century.
•Reduction in wheat and rice yields. Rainfall
patterns and quantities in periods of drought in
some regions, more rainfall in central India
and reduced rain in the north-east, leading to
changes in forestry and vegetation. Rain
spells in the Ganga , Krishna and Godavari
more intense
•Number of rainy days may be reduced in the
western parts of the Gangetic basin.
•70% of vegetation vulnerable to change.
•Adverse impact on wildlife and other biological
species.

8. (Short for biological
diversity)
The variability among
living organisms from
all sources including
terrestrial, marine and
other aquatic
ecosystems and the
ecological
complexes of which
they are part (CBD)

9. Biodiversity is Biodiversity is
the totality of the totality of
all life forms all life forms
on earth & its on earth & its
interactionsinteractions

10. Climate change on Forests of India
•Shift in vegetation type
boundaries i.e in
Western Ghats the
moist forest species are
shifting eastward.
•Species of lower
altitude migrating to
higher altitude.
•Mountain forests of
Western Ghats would
change into grasslands.
•Increase in dry season
length would increase
the risk of forest fires
in moist and dry
deciduous forests.

11. •Climate change or climate
breakdown’ due to global
warming.
• GHGs emissions. Carbon
limit of 450 ppm suggested
by IPCC is outdated.
•To stabilize climate : limit should be brought
down to 350 ppm by
•air capture of CO
2
or by the bio-sequestration
route.
How to reduce
GHGs?

12. •Genetic diversity
•Species diversity
•Ecosystems diversity
LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY

13. Species Diversity - total number
of species occurring in a particular
area
Genetic Diversity - variability
within genes
Ecosystems Diversity - variety
of ecosystems within a geographical
boundary

14. Impacts of CLIMATE CHANGE on Biodiversity
Endemic species being highly sensitive
to change are therefore more vulnerable
Animal populations may be affected by
environmental stress or indirectly
through changes in vegetation
Coastal areas are especially vulnerable
to natural disturbances; habitat
fragmentation and biological invasions
Rising sea levels will have impacts on
coastal ecosystems, land loss and
salinity
Corals show a high sensitivity to minor
increases in sea temperature

15. Climate change and biodiversity
RICHEST in the WORLD with 430 species…
( the Great Barrier Reef has only 350 species)

16. Climate change and biodiversity
Coral Bleaching

18. Climate change and biodiversity
211 lakes, 18 major rivers, 22 marshes, swamps and reservoirs

19. Climate change and biodiversity
Long/dry summers & drought…
•limit access to natural areas;
•frequent forest fire occurrence may restrict
experiences such as hiking/trekking

20. As a general rule, plant
species will move
northwards and upwards
in altitude as their
current location warms
and they seek cooler
conditions more akin to
their original location
Climate Change and
Plant Migration

21. Climate change is already
having an impact on all
kinds of wildlife. Species
worldwide are shifting their
ranges, migrating sooner,
and bearing young earlier
than in the past.

22. Whale sharks have a high degree of association
with spawning of coral, fish and crab and other
important ecological processes

23. Climate change threatens turtle population

24. Migratory birds….
•changes in migration & feeding patterns;
•viewing times impacted
Climate change and biodiversity

25. Conclusions
•The climate change affects
biological processes such as metabolism,
nutrient requirements and biochemical activities
quickly react to them.
•The behavioural response like migration, and
geographic distribution are changed.
•Reproductive physiology and breeding
behaviour of animals are directly affected by
photoperiods, temperature and precipitation.

26. How can Biodiversity Conservation Promote
Adaptation to Climate Change?
• maintaining and restoring native ecosystems;
•Protecting and enhancing ecosystem services;
•Managing habitats for endangered species;
•Creating refuges and buffer zones; and
•Establishing networks of terrestrial, freshwater
and marine protected areas that take into account
projected changes in climate.
- Convention on Biological
Diversity

27. "The powerful forces that shape the
essence of tourism, including the
human urge to see and experience
the natural world, must continue to
be harnessed to support the
achievement of the goals of the
Convention on Biological Diversity".

28. Community actions for impact
reduction.
•Control of forest fires
•Do not use slash & burn crop wastes.
Plaugh them back to land
•Restrict use of bioenergy & biofuels
•Use of clean energies like solar and wind power
for running industries and household lights.
•Total ban on fuel woods (storage of wet carbon)
for energy
•Use incinerators for burning dead bodies
•Capture of CO2 from air

29. Now, its time to decide whether we want to develop on the cost of environment
or save it with sustainable developmental principles.
Today, we can no longer live in isolation; this is age of holism; there is one
world.
If environment of India is degraded, the global environment is to be affected.