Importance & Sources of Review of Literature.pptx

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1. Importance & Sources of Review of Literature By Salman khan

2. DEFINITION “A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of knowledge on a particular topic of research”. - ANA, 2000. “Literature review is defined as broad, comprehensive , in depth, systematic and critical review of scholarly public at ion, unpublished printed or audio visual materials and personal communications”. - S. K. Sharma, 2005.

3. IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE REVIEW Literature Reviews provide a handy guide to a particular topic. For professionals they are useful reports that keep the up-to date with what is current in field.

4. Review relevant literature can help in fulfillment of the following objective:- Identification research problem and development or refinement of research questions. Generation of fulfill research questions or projects/activities for the discipline. Determination of any gaps or inconsistencies in body of knowledge. Development of hypothesis to be tested in research study. Helps in planning the methodology of the present research study.

5. Continued… Orientation to what is known & not known about an area of inquiry to ascertain what research can best contribute to knowledge. Discovery of unanswered questions about subjects, concepts or problems. Determination of a need to replicate a prior study indifferent study settings or different samples or size or different study populations. Description of the strengths & weaknesses of design/m ethods of inquiry & instruments used in earlier research work.

6. SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW Sources Secondary Primary

7. PRIMARY SOURCES Primary sources are original, peer reviewed and published research journal articles reported by original researchers. Primary sources are the research reports which are description of studies written by researchers who conducted them.

8. Continued… A primary sources is written by a person who developed the theory or conducted the research, or is the description of an investigation written by the person who conducted it. Example of a primary source: An original qualitative on patient experiences in the ICU: Hupcey, J. E. (2000). Feeling safe the psychosocial needs of ICU patients. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 32:361-367.

9. Printed Sources Printed research summary may be located from published abstracts such as Nursing Research, Abstract, Psychological Abstracts, Dissertation Abstract International, Masters Abstract International, etc.

10. Continued… References of the other printed sources may be located through indexes such as cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Nursing Studies Index, & Index Medicus. Following are the main printed sources that can be used to review the relevant literature: Journals: There are several National & International journals which can be used to review the research related

11. Name of national nursing journals Nursing & Midwifery Research Journal Indian journal of Nursing Research & Midwifery The nursing Journal of India Nightingale Nursing Times International Journal of Nursing Education Indian Journal of Nursing Studies

12. Names of international journals Nursing Research Research in Nursing & Health Nursing Sciences Quarterly Western Journal of Nursing Research Applied Nursing Research Biological Research for Nursing Advances in Nursing Sciences Clinical Nursing Research Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing Journal of Qualitative Research American Journal of Nursing

13. SECONDARY SOURCES In secondary sources the authors complies and summarize the findings of the work done by others and gives interpretation of theses finding, when primary sources are not available.

14. Continued… Secondary source research documents are description of studies prepared by someone other than the original researcher. Example of a Secondary Source: A literature review on patient experiences in the ICU: Stein-Parbury, J. & Mckinl ey,S. (2000) patient experiences of being in an intensive care unit: a select literature review. American Journal of critical care, 9:20-27

15. Continued… The main sources from where literature can be searched are as follows:- Electronic database Books Journals Conference papers Theses Encyclopedia and dictionary Research report magazines and newspapers.

16. LOCATION/ ONLINE SEARCH CINAHL – Cumulative Index To Nursing And Allied Health Literature MEDLINE – Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieved System Online Pubmed – www.pubmed.com British Nursing Index – www.rcn.org.uk/elibrary Medline plus – www.medlineplus.gov Cochrane database of system reviews – www.cochrane.org ERIC – www.eric.ed.gov PsycINFO - www.psycinfo.com Dissertation abstracts online Online journals

17. ELEMENTS OF LITERTAURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION

18. Introduction The introduction should clearly establish the focus and purpose of the literature review. Define your topic and provide an appropriate context for reviewing the literature; Establish your reasons – (Point of view – for Reviewing the literature) Explain the organization – (Sequence of the review)

19. Continued… State the scope of the review – What is included and what isn’t included. For example, if you were reviewing the literature on obesity in children you might say something like: there are a large number of studies of obesity trends in the general population. However, since the focus of this research is on obesity in children, these will not be reviewed in detail and will only be referred to as appropriate.

20. Body Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach. As you write, you can follow these tips: Summarize and synthesize: give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole

21. Continued… Analyze and interpret: don’t just paraphrase other researchers— add your own interpretations where possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transition words and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts.

22. Conclusion The conclusion should: summarize the important aspects of the existing body of literature; evaluate the current state of the literature reviewed; identify significant flaws or gaps in existing knowledge; outline areas for future study; link your research to existing knowledge.

23. Characteristics of a Good Quality Review of Literature ❖ A good review of literature must be comprehensive. ❖ It should include up-to-date references. ❖ It should be systemic. ❖ It should be reproducible. ❖ It should be free from bias. ❖ It should be well written. ❖ It should be in the form of sum of its parts. ❖ It should be clearly searched and selected. ❖ Accurate references should be given in the review.

24. POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED Be specific Be selective Focus of current topics Ensure evidence for claims Focus on sources of evidences

25. Continued… Account of contrary evidences Reference citation Organization of literature review Referring original source Avoid abbreviations Simple and accurate sentence structure.

26. Conclusion A literature review is an account of the previous efforts and achievements of researchers on a phenomenon. It helps to compare with other previous study. And a good review of literature is the foundation for a good research.