Importance of bacteria in biotechnology

Importance of bacteria in the field of biotechnology

1. IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA IN
-ZEEL BRAHMBHATT (21 -BT-009)

2. Bacteria have been utilized to develop biotechnology tools byusing
ourunderstanding of their way of living, infecting their hosts, or defending
themselves against viruses.
The biotechnology industry uses bacterial cells for the production ofbiological
substances that are useful to human existence, including fuels,foods, medicines,
hormones, enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Bacteria are the main producers of clinically useful antibiotics; they are a
source of vaccines against once dreaded diseases; they are probiotics that
enhanceour health; and they are primary participants in the fermentations of
dairy productsand many other foods.

3. Bacteria which have been engineered genetically to degrade
petroleum productsare used in cleanup of oil spills and other
bioremediation efforts.
Another area of biotechnology involves improvement of the
qualities of plantsthrough genetic engineeringso that they are
resistant to certain pests,herbicides, and diseases.
One biotechnological application of bacteria involves the
genetic constructionof super strains of organisms to perform
particular metabolic tasks in the environment.
Thermus aquaticus, the thermophilic bacterium that is the
source of taqpolymerase.The polymerase chain reaction
(PCR), a mainstay of the biotechnology industry becauseit
allows duplication of genes starting with a single molecule of
DNA, is based on theuse of the DNA polymerase enzyme
derived from Thermus aquaticus.

4. Bacteriacantranslateforeigngenesinto
proteins–andscientistshavewaysto
ensurethatthebacteriamakethe
proteinsinlargeamounts.Forthese
reasons,bacteriacanfunctionas‘protein
factories’,-insulinthefirstproteinfor
treatingdiabetes.
In1983,EliLillyanAmericancompany
preparedtwoDNA sequences
correspondingtoAandB,chainsof
humaninsulinandintroducedthemin
plasmidsofE.colitoproduceinsulin
chains.

5. EDIBLE VACCINES

6. GENETIC MODIFICATION OF PLANTS

7. Manyproteins,particularlymedicines,are
producedbyexpressingthegenesthatencode
theminbacteria.Toobtaintheproteinsin
industrialamounts,bacteriaaregrowninlarge
fermentationvessels.Theindustrial
microorganismsaregrownundercontrolled
conditionswithanaimofoptimizingthe
growthoftheorganismforproductionofa
targetmicrobialproduct
Pasteur said it best, "Never underestimate the power of the microbe."
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