Incentive spirometry powerpoint presentation

incentive spirometry for nursing students

1. Incentive spirometry: Pratiksha ghimire LMC

2. GLOSSARY: Tidal Volume (VT): The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle. It measures around 500 mL in an average healthy adult male and approximately 400 mL in a healthy female.

3. Vital capacity(VC): It is the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation Lung capacity or total lung capacity (TLC ): It is the volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum effort of inspiration . Inspiratory reserve volume: The extra volume of air that can be inspired with maximal effort after reaching the end of a normal, quiet inspiration

4. EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME: The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration Residual volume (RV) : It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration. In other words, it is the volume of air that cannot be expelled from the lungs, thus causing the alveoli to remain open at all times .

5. Functional residual capacity (FRC ): It is the volume remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation.

6. Definition: Incentive spirometry, also referred to as sustained maximal inspiration (SMI) Intensive spirometry is designed to mimic natural sighing or yawing by encouraging the patient to take long, slow, deep breaths.

7. Contd : This is accomplished by using a device that provides patients with visual or other positive feedback when they inhale at the predetermined flowrate or volume and sustain the inflation for at least 5 seconds.

8. Indication: Pre-operative screening of patients at risk of postoperative complications P ulmonary atelectasis Abdominal or thoracic surgery Prolonged bed rest

9. Contd : Surgery in patients with COPD Presence thoracic or Abdominal binders Patients with inspiratory capacity less than 2.5 litres. ( normal value 3500ml) Patients with neuromuscular disease or spinal cord injury In patient with coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( CABG)

10. HOW TO USE : Breathe in through your mouth as slowly and deeply as you can, causing the piston or ball to rise toward the top of the chamber. Hold your breath for  3–5 seconds  or as long as possible. If the spirometer has a goal indicator, use this to guide your breathing. If the indicator goes above the marked areas, slow your breathing down. Remove the mouthpiece from your mouth .

11. Breathe out normally. The piston or ball will return to the bottom of the chamber. Rest for a few seconds, then repeat the steps 10 or more times. Go slowly. Take some regular breaths between deep breaths to prevent lightheadedness. Do this every 1–2 hours when you’re awake. After each set of 10 deep breaths, cough a few times to clear your lungs .

12. Frequency During the first 3 post operative days, try to do this every hour. Clean the mouth piece of spirometer when finished.

13. How to measure The main column of your incentive spirometer has a grid with numbers. These numbers are usually expressed in millimeters and measure the total volume of your breath. The piston in the main chamber of the spirometer rises upward along the grid as you breathe in. The deeper your breath, the higher the piston rises. Next to the main chamber is an indicator that your doctor can set as a target.

14. There’s a smaller chamber on your spirometer that  measures,  the speed of your breath. This chamber contains a ball or piston that bobs up and down as the speed of your breath changes. The ball will go to the top of the chamber if you’re breathing in too quickly and will go to the bottom if you’re breathing too slowly. Many spirometers have a line on this chamber to indicate the optimal speed.

15. Hazards and complications: Ineffective unless performed as instructed Hyper ventilation or respiratory alkalosis Hypoxemia secondary to interruption of prescribes oxygen therapy Fatigue Infection if not properly stored.

16. Contraindication: Patient who cannot be instructed or supervised to assure appropriate use of the device. Patient who does not cooperate. Very young patient and other with development delays. Sedated or comatose. Pt unable to generate adequate inspiration with capacity <10ml/kg or an inspiratory capacity < 33% of predicted normal.