Incorporating System Approach into the development of Instructional Design with special reference to ADDIE and ASSURE Models.pptx

The concept of System approach is the admixture of two terms ‘System’ and ‘Approach’
Approaches the phenomenon or process as a whole and not in bits and parts
Indicates ‘Systematic thinking’, ‘Problem Solving’ , ‘Interconnectedness’.
System approach is a systematic attempt to coordinate all aspects of a problem towards specific objectives which is in this case is catering to the learning needs to help the learner attainthe ‘ mastery level of learning’.

1. Seminar Presentation on " Incorporating System Approach into the development of Instructional Design with special reference to the ‘ ADDIE Model ’ Paper-2 ; Unit-8 Unit Title - Technology in/ for Education Sub-unit- Systems Approach to Instructional Design Presented by- Srijani Banerjee.

2. System Approach: Overview The concept of System approach is the admixture of two terms ‘ System’ and ‘ Approach’ Approaches the phenomenon or process as a whole and not in bits and parts Indicates ‘ Systematic thinking’, ‘Problem Solving’ , ‘Interconnectedness’. System approach is a systematic attempt to coordinate all aspects of a problem towards specific objectives which is in this case is catering to the learning needs to help the learner attain the ‘ mastery level of learning’.

3. Concept of Input, Output, Feedback in System Approach

4. Concept of Input, Output, Feedback in System Approach In Educational Technology, S ystems A pproach provides the course developer with a framework to create instructional material. Inputs, Outputs, and Feedback are three important systems development components. Inputs for developing course may include conceptual ideas, past course evaluations, syllabi and the like. Outputs can include course designed as tutorial, formal instruction, or a general informational piece.    Feedback offers course developers many advantages. For example, feedback from pilot studies can help the developer modify and improve the courseware prior to full implementation. Additionally, assessment can assist the developer to ensure educational objectives are met. Overall feedback can save time and money during the development process. Feedback may be either formative or summative (Dick & Carey, 1996). Formative evaluation is usually conducted while the courseware is being developed. Summative evaluations are conducted after the material is implemented. 

5. Instructional Design: Overview Instructional design is a systematic structuring of technology and development of content and experiences to facilitate learning, acquire specific knowledge and skill and help students learn effectively, efficiently, and meaningfully (Instructional Design CSUF, 2020). Teachers and instructors are often influenced by the design choices and issues that produce the appropriate setting for student learning. These design issues to teaching instruction are delivery styles, assignment creation, assessment needs, and student management. The teacher or instructor becomes the architect of assessing student profile, characteristics and needs, task analysis, and learner analysis.  Therefore, Instructional Design is the analysis of learning needs and the resultant systematic structuring or development of instructions to meet the same. The system approach to instructional design is a systematic method for analyzing and designing learning experiences. It's also known as instructional systems design (ISD). 

6. System Approach to Instructional Design Commonly known as designing a systematic way of analyzing a problem and solving it Helps in the understanding ,controlling and improving the structure and functioning of systems in order to fully realize instructional objectives. Steps: Formation of Objectives Pre-assessment of Student’s entering behavior Designing and developing the System Operation and implementation phase Evaluation of outcomes Improvement of system

7. Models of Development of Instructional Design: ADDIE Model The ADDIE model was created by  Florida State University  for the military in the 1970s . The name of the model is an acronym for the 5 stages of design: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation and was meant as a guideline to create effective training and instructional materials. ADDIE stands for the five phases— Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation . This model provides a dynamic, flexible guideline for building a high-quality course. ADDIE helps identify the learning need in a structured way and ensures all learning activities serve that goal, which offers an integrated approach to learning. It also guides  measuring learning effectiveness  because behaviors, knowledge, and skills are clearly defined within the framework.

8. The ADDIE Model

9. Steps of ADDIE Model Analyse: During the analysis phase, the course developer identifies learning gaps to determine course outcomes, takes into account learner characteristics such as prior knowledge and learning styles, identifies the specifics of the learning environment, and curates required course resources. Design: This phase is all about course alignment, which is a process of planning a learning experience by organizing content with learning sequencing optimized to provide an effective learning experience. Develop: The development phase is the next step and where course content will be curated and integrated into the course design structure. The modules, assignments, discussions and assessments are all integrated and infused with the learning resources that have been chosen to reinforce the course’s learning objectives .

10. Steps of ADDIE MODEL Implement: In this phase, the course is piloted to determine that all aspects work as designed and to identify areas in need of improvement. Necessary revisions can be made based on student performance and feedback and faculty’s self-reflections on the pilot course. Evaluate: Evaluation is an integral part of every stage of the ADDIE learning model.  A feedback mechanism ensures that the course has met the desired learning needs and the students have been presented with the effective and necessary tools and aids . It ensures required modifications are readily made to increase the success rate of the learning program.

11. System Approach in Education Benefits: It helps for structuring and selection of media. It provides a conceptual framework on which to build plans for implement in change in any system. It helps to identify the suitability or otherwise of resource material to achieve the specific goal. It helps to assess the resource needs, their sources and facilities in relation to quantities, time and other factors. Disadvantages: potential for neglecting individual student needs, lack of flexibility to adapt to changing situations, overemphasis on standardized testing, difficulty in accounting for complex human factors within the learning process . 

12. Summing Up Systems approach can be used in Education as Effective planning of school programs, Increased control and co-ordination, Maximum utilization of school personnel, More effective methods for appraising performance, Better training and development plan, Control of quality.

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