Indian Railways Diesel Shed Alambagh Lucknow Internship Report

Internship report

1. UNDER THE EXTERNAL GUIDANCE OF Mr. Vishal Kumar Head Instructor Northern Railways UNDER THE INTERNAL GUIDANCE OF Mr . Srinidhi Acharya S R Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering Department. ACS College of Engineering A.C.S. College of Engineering Mysore Road, Kambipura, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560074 Department of Mechanical Engineering SUBMITTED BY Ashish Yadav (1AH14ME007)

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION OF INDIAN RAILWAY DIESEL ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE WORKING MECHANISM POWER PACK TURBO SUPER CHARGING BRAKES COMPRESSOR/EXPRESSOR GENERATOR RADIATIOR

3. INDIAN RAILWAYS Indian railway is the state-owned railway company of India. It comes under the Ministry of Railway. Indian Railways has one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the world, transporting over 18 million passengers and more than 2 million tons of freight daily. Indian Railways operates about 9,000 passenger trains and transports 18 million passengers daily. Indian Railways makes 70% of its revenues and most of its profits form the freight sector, and uses these profits to cross-subsidies the loss-making passenger sector . The Rajdhani Express and Shatabdi Express are some of the fastest trains of India.

4. DIESEL ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE Diesel electric loco were introduced firstly in United States in 1924 & have become the most widely used type of loco. It was introduction for first time in India in 1958 Diesel electric loco has electric drive in from of traction motors driving the axis an controlled with electronic controls. The diesel engine combust the fuel in the internal combustion engine which rotates the shaft ,the energy from the shaft is stored in the generator from the generator the traction motor is powered , with the use of that electric energy from the traction motor the engine runs. The traction motor uses the rectifier which uses 3 phase alternating current the use of traction motor is to provide maximum torque at low R.P.M

5. Working Mechanism

6. There are four strokes in power section. Which are discussed below – 1. SUCTION STROKE Suction stroke start when the piston is at the TDC and about to move downwards. The inlet valve is open at this time and the exhaust valve is closed. Due to the suction created by the motion of this piston towards the BDC, the charge consisting of air is drawn into the cylinder. When the piston reaches the BDC (Bottom Dead Centre) the suction stroke ends and the Intel valve closes. 2. COMPRESSION STROKE The charge taken into the cylinder during the suction stroke is compressed by the return stroke of the piston. During this stroke both inlet & exhaust valve are in closed position. The air which fills the entre cylinder volume is now compressed into the clearance volume. 3. POWER STROKE Fuel injection starts nearly at the end of the compression stroke. The rate of injection is such that combustion maintains the pressure constant in spite of the piston movement on its expansion stroke increasing the volume. Heat is assumed to have been added at constant pressure. After the injection of fuel is combustion expands. Both the valves remain closed during the expansion stroke.   4. EXHAUST STROKE The piston travelling from BDC to TDC pushed out the products of combustion. The exhaust valve is open and the intake valve is closed during this stroke.

7. Power Pack

8. It is a huge assembly of components which includes cylindrical block, crankcase, crank shaft, v alve assembly and other top deck accessories. Power pack as the name itself indicates is the prime source of power in locomotive . It can be easily remove and replaced in order to overcome engine performance or to initiate a repair. The power pack is coupled to alternator which converts the mechanical energy produced by it into electric energy. The work of the power pack is to do the fitting work of the head on the loco. They take out head from the engine and assembled it again on the loco. In the power pack section the assembly of piston and connecting rod is done . There are two types of piston, attached to power pack , they are modified and unmodified In modified piston and piston head is made up of steel, the piston skirt is made up of aluminum. Unmodified piston is totally made up of steel only the weight of the assembly is of 90 kg.

9. Turbo Super Chaging

10. The function of the turbo super charger is to provide enough air required in order to provide proper fuel and air ratio. When in a diesel engine there are 16 big size cylinders and they require enough air fuel mixture to provide combustion then this turbocharger helps as a blower , drives high volume of air but does little increase in pressure. It has a rotor which rotates at high speed when air at high velocity strikes it . Diesel engine requires a turbocharger because it operates at high pressure and this pressure is maintained by turbocharger. The operation energy of a turbocharger is from the residual high pressurized air realized from diesel engine after combustion in the cylinder this is the reason in place of turbocharger a supercharger cannot be used. A supercharger requires a very high operation energy directly from the shaft which will decrese the engine performance .

11. Brakes

12. The wheels of the train are stopped by the break shoe which comes in contact when loco pilot applies breaks and pressure in the pipes actuate the brakes and because of friction caused by rubbing of shoe on wheel the wheel comes to rest. When high pressure air which is moved inside the brake cylinder and then the piston inside the brake cylinder moves and the break comes in contact with the wheel and the wheel stopes. The high pressure air is maintained across the train every time, this high pressure air is also used to apply emergency brakes . In case of emergency brakes the valve which regulates the pressure is opened and high pressure gas immediately actuates the piston in brake cylinder. The compressor is the main component in the breaking system the air is sucked by compressor and stored in main reservoir1 and then in reservoir 2 it is highly compressed again for its use in breaks. The triple valve decides where the compressed air will move to the auxiliary reservoir or to the main break cylinder in case of emergency the main reservoir is used or otherwise auxiliary air is used.

13. Keeping in view the safety of human life and physical resources the basic requirements of brake are: The brake must be strong enough to stop the vehicle during an emergency with in shortest possible distance. There should be no skidding during brake application and driver must have proper control over the vehicle during emergency. Effectiveness of brakes should remain constant even on prolonged application or during descending on a down gradient Brake must keep the vehicle in a stationary position even when the driver is not present. The brake used in railway vehicles can be classified according to the method of their activation into following categories.

14. Compressor

15. A compressor is a device that converts power (using an electric motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air (i.e., compressed air ). By one of several methods, an air compressor forces more and more air into a storage tank, increasing the pressure. When tank pressure reaches its upper limit the air compressor shuts off . When tank pressure reaches its lower limit, the air compressor turns on again and re-pressurizes the tank. Types According to the pressure delivered – 1. Low-pressure air compressors (LPACs), which have a discharge pressure of 150psi or less 2. Medium-pressure compressors, which have a discharge pressure of 151 psi to1,000 psi 3. High-pressure air compressors (HPACs), which have a discharge pressure above1,000 psi Cooling Due to adiabatic heating, air compressors require some method of disposing of waste heat. Generally this is some form of air- or water-cooling, although some (particularly rotary type) compressors may be cooled by oil (that is then in turn air- or water-cooled) and the atmospheric changes also considered during cooling of compressors.

16. Generator

17. This giant engine is hooked up to an equally impressive generator. It is about 6 feet (1.8m) in diameter and weighs about 17,700 pounds (8029kg). At peak power this generator makes enough electricity to power a neighborhood of about 1,000 houses. So, where does all the power go? It goes into six, massive electric motors located in the bogies. The engine rotates the crank shaft at up to 1000rpm and this drives the various items need to power the locomotive. As the transmission is electric the engine is used as the power source for the electricity generator or alternator.

18. Radiator

19. As the name suggest, cool down the water temp of engine with some technique. In the radiator we have the- CORE With copper tubes & fixed both side of the radiator & the water pore from the core. It comes in the contact of the atmosphere air contact to cool the hot water which runs in the copper tubes. FAN A fan is provided to maintain the required air flow is provided to maintain the air flow across the radiator matrix and to bring down temperature of the water. It fix at the top of the radiator & its works with the relay valve start the fan at three different temp ETS -68 C, ETS2 - 74 , ETS3 -91Ċ with three different speed. When the temperature of the water reaches equal to the give temp then this relay rotate the fan with different speed this the safety device This fan rotated through the transmission of the crank shaft and the connected with the universal shaft.

20. Thank You