INDIAN TRADITION KNOLWEDGE SYSTEM IN INDIA

Evolution and meaning of Global Distribution System (GDS),

1. Vedic Cosmology and Modern Concepts SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Debasis Sahoo Assistant Professor Department Of Tourism And Travel Management Central University Of Himachal Pradesh SUBMITTED BY: ANUJ KUMAR Roll No: CUHP21RDTT01 Email: - [email protected] DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND TRAVEL MANAGEMENT CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH SUBJECT Indian Traditional Knowledge & Practice-ITKP

2. VEDIC COSMOLOGY Cosmology is defined as the study of the origin, purpose, structure, and functioning of the universe . Vedic cosmology gives a vast amount of information about not only the structure of the phenomenal universe as we see it, but also a clear idea of the source of the manifested universe, its purpose, and the subtle laws that govern its operation .

3. Vedic cosmology is a vast science with a comprehensive understanding of our universe that far surpasses the views currently presented by modern science. If you’re tempted to write off Vedic cosmology as mere mythology, you should first consider the following: The Origin of the Universe : the Puranic date for the Big Bang. The generation of this universe by Superconsciousness — is 13.819 billion years ago . The current estimate within the scientific community is 13.801 billion years ago . The age of the sun:   according to the Puranas is 4.563 billion years. The current estimate within the scientific community is 4.567 billion years ago . The Permian mass extinction: is recorded in the Puranas as happening 251.152 million years ago. The current estimate within the scientific community is 251.9 million years ago. VEDIC COSMOLOGY IS A VAST SCIENCE

4. The Fourteen Sub-planes of Our Solar System 8. Atala- loka 9. Vitala-loka 10. Sutala-loka and 11Talatala-loka 12. Mahatala-loka 13. Rasatala-loka 14. Patala-loka Satya- loka Tapa- loka Jana- loka Mahar- loka Svar-loka Bhuvar-loka Bhur-loka The Bhagavata Purana provides a detailed account of how Brahma divides our solar system into fourteen layered planes of existence, or  lokas , for the various forms of life. Our Earth planet sits in the middle, and there are six planes above and seven below. Below is a top-down view of the fourteen  lokas :

5. VEDIC COSMOLOGY ॐ विष्णुर्विष्णुर्विष्णु:, ॐ अद्य ब्रह्मणोऽह्नि द्वितीय परार्धे श्री श्वेतवाराहकल्पे वैवस्वतमन्वन्तरे, अष्टाविंशतितमे कलियुगे, कलिप्रथम चरणे जम्बूद्वीपे भरतखण्डे भारतवर्षे पुण्य (अपने नगर/गांव का नाम लें) क्षेत्रे बौद्धावतारे वीर विक्रमादित्यनृपते : 2071, तमेऽब्दे प्लवंग नाम संवत्सरे दक्षिणायने

6. Every universe is covered by seven layers—earth, water, fire, air, sky, the total energy and false ego—each ten times greater than the previous one. There are innumerable universes besides this one, and although they are unlimitedly large, they move about like atoms in You. Therefore You are called unlimited [ ananta ]

7. THE SEVEN ISLANDS OF BHŪ-MAṆḌALA (One yojana equals approximately 8 miles or 13 km)

8. THE NINE VARṢAS, DIFFERENT PARTS OF JAMBŪDVĪPA Bhārata-varṣa , Kinnara- varṣa , Hari- varṣa , Kuru- varṣa , Hiraṇmaya-varṣa , Ramyaka-varṣa , Ilāvṛta-varṣa , Bhadrāśva-varṣa , Ketumāla-varṣa

9. MODERN MOLECULAR THEORY In ' Shatapath Brahmana', in the context of the creation of this cosmos, it has been described that " Yaju " is derived from the two words ' Yat ' and 'Ju'. ' Yat ' denotes what is constantly moving and 'Ju' denotes constant . ' Shatapath Brahmana' tells that the union of these is at the core of the creation of everything. It is a clear interpretation of the fact that what is electron and proton in the scientific definition of molecular theory has been denoted as ' yaju ' and 'Ju' in Vedic scientific literature. ' Yaju ' and ' ju ' has also been named as ' Vayu' and "Aakash' in Veda

10. The Big Bang Theory Origin of the Universe

11. The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory explains how our universe was formed based on all the scientific evidence. The Big Bang occurred about 14 billion years ago. All the matter of the entire universe was in a small, extremely hot mass that expanded quickly outwards under tremendous pressure. This “beginning” is called time zero . What happened before this is not known . Evidence to support the Big Bang theory In 1929 Edwin Hubble found that galaxies are flying away from us in every direction. The farther they are, the faster they are receding. This is evidence for the expansion of the universe.

12. So why do scientists believe this theory? Red shift and Blue shift of light from stars and galaxies. Light and sound travel as waves. When an object is moving, the waves (sound or light) will be either compressed or stretched. This is called the Doppler shift . When an object is moving towards the earth, the light from objects will be compressed and shifted towards blue light (shorter wavelengths). This is called blue shift. When an object is moving away from the earth, the light from objects will be stretched and shifted towards red light (longer wavelengths). This is a red shift. This means they are moving away from our galaxy. If the galaxies are moving away from each other, the universe must be expanding. The farter the galaxy is from us, the faster it moves. This is called Hubble’s Law. Spectroscope

13. According to Big Bang Theory, numerous amounts of energy were given off from the initial explosive event that sent radiation out in all directions After billions of years of cooling of the universe and of the radiation from the Big Bang event traveling through space, the entire universe is still “glowing” like a space of firewood continues to glow after the fire is put out. This radiation, particularly in the microwave frequencies, can detected today using radiation telescope that can detect electromagnetic waves outside of the visible range. This radiation is called cosmic Background Microwave (CMB) radiation. So why do scientists believe this theory? Cosmic background Microwave Radiation

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