Indications for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation

Indications for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation

1. Indications for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation

2. Indications for Intubation & Mechanical Ventilation Hypoxic Respiratory Failure Hypercarbic Respiratory Failure Airway Protection Non-Sustainable Work of Breathing

3. Hypoxemia PaO 2 < 60mmHg SpO 2 < 94% There are several causes of Hypoxemia: Decreased FiO2 Alveolar Hypoventilation Dead Space (e.g. pulmonary emboli) Shunt (e.g. pneumonia or ARDS) Oxygen (O 2 )

4. Hypercarbia PaCO 2 > 45mmHg Hypercarbia is common with: COPD/Emphysema Hypoventilation Medications Altered mental status (e.g. head injury, stroke) Severe metabolic derangement (e.g. hypoglycemia or myxedema coma) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )

5. Airway Protection Altered mental status, hypoventilation, and inability to clear secretions Examples: stroke, head injury, sedation, medications, anesthesia

6. Non-sustainable work of breathing Patient is struggling to oxygenate, ventilate, balance acidosis, or overcome airway obstruction High minute ventilation High BPM Inability to speak in full sentences Accessory muscle use