INDIVIDUAL AIM OF EDUCATION PPT

This will provide elaborate description about the Individual Aim of Education.

1. By Anto H 19BDEN06 Welcome Philosophical Foundation of Education

2. Individual Aim of Education

3. Synopsis Aim of Education. Individual Aim of Education. Meanings of Individual Aim of Education. Arguments of Individual Aim of Education. Supports of Individual Aim of Education.

4. Aim of Education Education is a social necessity . Changing social needs and aspirations . It is an activity which is directed to some goals. Always acts with an aim. This aim makes it a purposeful activity. Basic aim of education is to help each individual to progress towards the attainment of his full potential, both as a person and as a member of society . Any other human activities like education should have its own aims and objectives.

5. Individual Aim of Education Individual aim emphasizes the development of the individuality of the learner according to his natural tendencies. Holds the central notion that individual should be in the forefront of the educational process . Foster the free growth of the individuality of the learner, helping him to achieve the highest degree of individual development in social context . In ancient India, Greece and some other countries also this aim was given due importance and prime position . In the present times also, since the entry of psychology in the field of education, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Frobel T.P Nunn and other eminent educationists have again started giving greater emphasis on the individual aim of education .

6. Meanings of Individual Aim of Education Narrow Meaning of Individual Aim of Education. Wider Meaning of Individual Aim of Education.

7. Narrow Meaning of Individual Aim of Education In It’s narrow sense, individual aim is known as self-expression, all-round development of the child is natural development also . Individual aim is based on the philosophy of naturalization’ according to which education should develop the unique individuality of a child in accordance with his instincts . History reveals the fact that it was Roussaeu who first of all advocated this aim though his insistence on education in the lapse of nature according to the nature of the child, but after him some other educationists also emphasized the importance of this aim . Sir Percy Nunn of England is the chief-supporter and hence ranks at the top of the list . He holds that the central aim of education is ‘the autonomous development of the individual’. In his famous book Education, Its Data and the first principles’ he says “Nothing good enters in to the human world except in and through the free activities of individual men and women, and that the educational practice must be shaped to accord with its truth ”. Second chapter of his book Nunn further remarks that each specie is moving towards perfection. Individual aim is according to nature . It’s narrow sense , individual aim of education emphasizes self-expression or natural development of the child so that after receiving education according to his interests , inclinations, capacities and needs, the child is able to choose a vocation according to his nature.

8. Wider Meaning of Individual Aim of Education In its wider sense, individual aim is known as self-realization . Psychology also collaborate the development of individuality. Psychological researches have clearly established the fact that each individual is born with his own peculiar and distinct innate tendencies and capacities . It is the prime function of education to develop each individual fully and completely according to his or her interests, inclinations, aptitucles and capacities in such a way that he or she becomes an able and capable person . In other words, education of the individual should be planned with a view to individual good as well as the good of the society of which he is an integral part . Sir Percy Nunn reveals himself as a naturalist when he argues in favour of individual aim on the basis of biological phenomena in the second chapter of his book . Nunn believes that if an individual is cut away from society, he can not develop himself in any way.

9. Arguments of Individual Aim of Education Arguments in  favour  of Individual Aim of Education. Arguments against Individual Aim of Education.

10. Arguments in favour of Individual Aim of Education Based on Psychological Principles. Based on Biological Principles. Based on Progressive Attitude. Based on Democratic Values.

11. Based on Psychological Principles Each child has distinct instincts and inherent tendencies . he is not allowed to behave according to his nature and contrary to his social ideals together with social forms of behaviour are forced upon him, he will become a mental patient . Tension, stress and mental conflict will develop in him with result that he will become a deceased and maladjusted individual . This has established the fact that interests, inclinations, aptitudes, capacities and needs of each child are distinct from the other . the main aim of education should be to develop the unique individuality of each child according to his nature in a natural way.

12. Based on Biological Principles Biological science asserts that as each child has an individuality of his own . His innate nature cannot be changed by any means . Such child is distinct entity, a new organization and a new experiment of life, the aim of education can be nothing else but to develop his unique individuality, naturally and distinctly. It is an admitted fact that when natural development of individuality has been suppressed, evil consequences have occurred. The first and the second world wars and their evil consequences are the glaring examples of such repressionistic philosophy.

13. Based on Progressive Attitude. His own good, the individual creates society to preserve, purify and transmit its culture to the rising generation so that the development of individual will naturally lead to the development of society. The aim of education should be the autonomous development of individuality.

14. Based on Democratic Values Every democratic country insisting upon the freedom of individuals, emphasise the fact that the aim of education should be the development of good citizens. It may be noted that good citizens develop from good persons. The aim of education should be the development of unique individuality of the individual.

15. Arguments against Individual Aim of Education Possibility of Social Disintegration. Not Applicable to Real Life. Encourages  Individualism. Disregard of  Social O bligations. Disregard of Ethical V alues. Encourages arbitrary A ctions.

16. Possibility of Social Disintegration Individual aim provides full freedom and unrestricted liberty to all individuals, such unrestricted liberty and freedom for all individuals will result in indiscipline, conflicts and tension which will start the process of social disintegration. it is unwise to grant unrestricted freedom to the individual.

17. Not Applicable to Real Life Acceptable of this aim presupposes that each child should be provided all facilities and opportunities to develop himself in his own way and according to his own interests and inherent tendencies. To achieve this aim the formulation of aims and construction of curriculum for each child shall be essentially different  from the others . This is almost impossible and impracticable presumption beyond the capacity and resources of even the richest country of the world.

18. Encourages Individualism Individual aim makes individual selfish Individual aim of education will make individuals self-conceited and proud and this may lead to immoral behavior and unhealthy attitudes. The society will suffer  under the consequence of Individualism. Individuality cannot develop from a vacuum; it develops in a social atmosphere . Unless society develops, individual cannot develop.

19. Disregard of Social Obligations Maximum freedom may go against the society.  Each individual is a social animal. He develops his personality with the cooperation of society. It is the prime duty of the individual to pay back this debt of society by working his best for the welfare of society. Unless he does this, his life will be a mere waste . It is no use, then to drum best the individual aim of education.

20. Disregard of Ethical Values Individual aim of education emphasizes the individual differences of children . If too much emphasizes on the individual differences then it will be very difficult to develop love, sympathy, sacrifice, service, co-operation and other moral values in children.

21. Encourages Arbitrary Actions Individual aim of education provides unlimited and unrestricted freedom to the individual which makes him a man of arbitrary decisions and reckless actions. T he power of reasoning and argumentation cannot develop properly in the children if this aim is blindly accepted.

22. Supports of Individual Aim of Education Support of Biologists. Support of Naturalists. Support of Psychologists. Support of Progressivists . Spiritualist’s Support. Support by Existentialists. Support of Democrats

23. Support of Biologists Biologists believe that every individual is different from others in many ways. Every child is a unique product and a new experiment with life . Education helps him to develop fully and education aims at development of individual abilities of each child who is unique biologically . Prof. G. Thompson says, “Education is for the individual – its function being to enable the individual to survive and live out its complete life. Education is imparted to preserve the individual life. Community exists for the individual, not the individual for the community. Community being the means and individual being the end, education should not set the means over the end. Individual and not society, therefore, should be the centre of all educational efforts and activities.”

24. Support of Naturalists The naturalists like T.P. Nunn, Rousseau, Comenius are the supporters of this aim as the development of individuality. They asserted that the central aim of education is the autonomous development of the individual . Sir Percy Nunn observed individuality is the ideal of life and added that a scheme of education is ultimately to be valued by its success in fostering the highest degree of individual excellence. “Exalting the individual development” as the aim of education Sir Percy Nunn believes that “Nothing good enters into the human world except in and through the free activities of individual men and women, and that the educational practice must be shaped to accord with that truth”. importance is attached to the development of individuality. Similarly, J.J. Rousseau in his master-piece, ‘Emile’ (treatise on education) says, “Everything is good as it comes from the hands of Author of Nature, but everything degenerates in the hand of man. God makes all things good. Man meddles with them and they become evil”. Education should be in accordance with the true nature of the child.

25. Support of Psychologists Psychologists view that no two individuals are alike. There is marked individual difference among the individuals . Every child is potentially unique child, endowed with natural tendencies, inclinations, interests and abilities. The aim of education is to develop those natural powers and potentialities for optimization of his individuality in all its aspects—physical, mental, social, emotional, moral, spiritual and aesthetic . Education should be individualized to cater to the needs, interests and attitudes of the children . Pestalozzi, Froebel, Montessori are the ardent supporters of this view.

26. Support of Progressivists The famous Progressivists like J.L. Childs, Boyd Bode, George Counts, W.H. Kilpatrick etc, who emphasized that the progress of the society depends on the development of individual . By their participation in the social life, the progress of the society can be possible . They hold the view that the progress and advancement of the world is due to the rich contributions of individual men and women . A society cannot march an inch of progress without the contributions of men and women to it according to their abilities . Education should aim at individual development if it seeks to contribute to social development . According to T.P. Nunn, “Education should help the child to make his original contribution to the variegated whole of human life as full and as truly characteristic as his nature permits ”. If an individual is fully blossomed, the society is automatically developed . The aim of education is to develop the abilities of men and women to their top heights so that they will move the chariot of progress of the world.

27. Spiritualist’s Support The spiritualists hold the view that every individual is a divine and separate entity and responsible for his or her own actions . Since the spiritual development of man is individual, the main function of education should be to lead the individual to self-realization and realization of higher or supreme values of life . Swami Vivekananda States, “Man is potentially divine. The goal is to manifest this potentiality from within, by controlling nature—external and internal through education ”. Spiritualists feel that individual development culminating in self-realization should be the aim of education.

28. Support by Existentialists The chief exponents of existentialistic philosophy are Soren Kierkegaard, Gabriel Marcel, Martin Heidegger, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean Paul Sartre, Karl Jaspers etc . Existentialists consider individuality as supreme and consider society as a means of its development . Man alone is the real being who wants to exist and tries to understand the meaning and significance in life . According to them, the existence precedes essence i.e. what a thing is essence and that it is existence . The existence of individual lies in the provision of opportunity for self-realization through the absolute freedom . He is in the process of becoming a complete man and as such education should help him in this process by providing a plethora of opportunities . Education should provide every help for the growth and development of the individuality or personality which is valued as he is considered as the centre of the universe and nothing else is equal to it and also education helps him gaining personal experience and creating values for himself.

29. Support of Democrats Every democratic country emphasizes upon freedom of an individual and it should provide facilities for all individuals to develop in any direction which would be useful to themselves . Bertrand Russell has remarked, “Education of the individual is a finer thing than the education of the citizen ”. Education must, therefore, not only seek to produce good citizens but also refine individuals who are the assets of a nation . aim of education is to help the development of individuality of the individual in all its aspects and facets.

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