Individual and collective bargaining

advanced nursing practice

1. INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING Presented by-: Anita Rani M.sc. Nursing C.O.N. PGIMS,Rohtak

2. INTRODUCTION It is to discuss prices, conditions etc. with somebody in order to reach an agreement that suits each person.

3. Definition Definition-: “Bargaining is a process of meeting, presenting demands, discussing, presenting counter offers, haggling, cajoling, threatening & host of other activities which go into the bargaining of an agreement”

4. Types of Bargaining It is of two types: Individual bargaining Collective bargaining

5. Individual Bargaining The bargaining done by the individual who has a quick mind, but unlimited patience, knows how to disseminate without being a liar, inspire trust without trusting others, be modest but assertive, charm others without succumbing to their charm & possess plenty of money.

6. Characteristics of Individual B argaining Best responsibility in one person preventing divided opinion. Can make on-the-spot decision to gain concession. May be used to signify that bargaining is not considered important. Requires learning aspects of case, including technical.

7. Characteristics of Individual Bargaining (cont..) Easier to be less formal, more personal. Do not ask everyone opinion.

8. Advantages of Individual Bargaining Can focus on important bargaining issues. Can introduce secondary or even false issues. Can co-ordinate agenda with other tactics. Can establish limits, set discussion rules and definite term. Can divide or combine issues to suit individual situation. Can place issues in order that best suits for individual.

9. Disadvantages of Individual Bargaining Reveals individual position and assumption before other party. Allows the other party time to prepare arguments & counters.

10. Collective Bargaining The phrase collective bargaining is said to be coined by Sydney & Beatrice Webb & Great Britain. It is made up from two words collective which means “group” & bargaining which means “proposals & counter proposals” or Collective –working in a group Bargaining- Negotiation

11. Definition Collective bargaining is a process between employers & employees to reach an agreement regarding the rights and duties of people at work. “Collective bargaining” is an agreement between a single employer or an association of employers on one hand and a labour union on the other hand, which regulates the term and condition of employment”. -Ludwig Teller

12. Objectives of Collective Bargaining To provide an opportunity to the workers, to voice their problems on issues related to employment. To facilitate reaching a solution that is acceptable to all the parties involves. To resolve all conflicts and disputes in a mutual agreeable manner. To prevent any conflict/disputes in the future through mutually signed contracts.

13. Objectives of Collective Bargaining (cont..) 5. To develop a conductive atmosphere to foster good organization relations. 6. To provide stable and peaceful organization (hospital) relations. 7. To enhance the productivity of the organization by preventing strikes lock –out etc.

14. Characteristics of Collective Bargaining Collective Strength Voluntary Formal Flexible Improvement Representation Dynamic Continuous Bipartite Process

15. Collective : it is two way process where the employer’s representative and the emplye’s representative sit together to nagotiate terms of employment. strength: Both the parties in collective bargaining are strong and equal. Voluntary : both parties come to the negotiation table voluntarily in order to go in particular negotiation. Formal : it is a formal process in which certain employment related issues are to be regulated at national, organization & workplace levels.

16. Flexible : it is a flexible and continuous process and not fixed or static. Improvement: it is method to improve the employer-employ’s relation in the organization and resolve management and employees conflicts. Representation : collective bargaining is between the representatives of employees and management. Dynamic: collective bargaining is dynamic, that goes on changing over a period and grows and expand the way of agreement, the way of implementation and way of discussion.

17. Continuous : it is continuous and begins with agreement. Bipartite process: because the employee’s and the employer’s representatives negotiate directly face to face across the table.

18. Types of Collective Bargaining Conjunctive or Distributive Bargaining Co-operative/ Integrative Bargaining Productivity Bargaining Composite Bargaining

19. 1.CONJUCTIVE OR DISTIBUTIVE BARGAINING It involves zero-sum negotiation;in this one side wins and other loses. both parties try to maximize their respective gains. They try to settle economic issues such as wages , benefits, bonus, etc.

20. 2.Co-operative /integrative bargaining It is similar to problem solving sessions in which both sides are trying to reach a mutually beneficial alternative i.e. a win-win situation. Both the employer and the union try to resolve the conflict to the benefit of both parties. Both sides share information about their interests and concerns and they create a list of possible solutions to meet every-one’s needs.

21. 3. Productivity bargaining A form of collective bargaining leading to a productivity agreement in which management offers a pay raise in exchange for alterations to employees working practices designed to increase productivity.

22. 4.Composite bargaining Workers believe that productivity bargaining agreements increase their workloads. Rationalization , introduction of new technology, tight productivity norms have added to this burden and made the life of a worker somewhat uneasy. As an answer to such problems, labor has come in favour of composite bargaining .

23. Factor Leading to Collective Bargaining For job security Improved wages Better benefits In response to poor working condition Unequal treatment Limited opportunity for advancement Lack of recognition Work rules & procedures

24. Issues Leading to Collective Bargaining Issues that lead to petition for unions develop between employers & employees usually because employers do not want to share power with employees. Among the major issues leading to unions and collective bargaining are the following: Absence of procedures for reporting unsafe or poor patient –care is the number one issue. Short staffing & improper skills Floating without orientation and training

25. Issues Leading to Collective Bargaining (cont..) Use of temporary personnel and unlicensed assistive personnel. Lack of respect for employees. Lack of autonomy Lack of promotional opportunities. Lack of professional practice committees. Lack of staff development and continuing education opportunities. Lack of involvement.

26. Issues Leading to Collective Bargaining (cont..) Low wages and limited benefits. No pension portability Poor on call arrangements and lack of flexible schedules. Over work, mandatory overtime and shift rotation. Low morale Performance of non-nursing duties. Poor management and communication. No ability to take sufficient breaks. Lack of career ladders.

27. Process of Collective Bargaining Prepare: This phase involves composition of a negotiation team. The negotiation team should consist of representatives of both the parties with adequate knowledge & skills for negotiation. Discuss: The parties decide the ground rules that will guide the negotiations. Propose: This phase could be described as brainstorming. The exchange of messages takes place and opinion of both the parties is sought. Bargain: This stage comprises of time when-ifs and supposals are set forth and the drafting of agreements takes place.

28. Process of Collective Bargaining (cont..) 5. Settlement: This stage is described as consisting of effective joint implementation of the agreement through shared visions, strategic planning and negotiated change.

29. Advantages of Collective Bargaining Settlement through dialogue and consensus. Institutionalize settlement through dialogue. Collective bargaining is a form of participation. Such agreements have the effect of guaranteeing industrial peace for the duration of the agreements. Partnership between organized labour institutions designed to maintain non-confrontational process. Has valuable by-products relevant to relationship between two parties. The effect of improving industrial relations.

30. Disadvantages of Collective Bargaining They focus on seniority rather than merit. It may discourage hard work and personal ambition. Once nurses gain collective bargaining status, they exhibit low participation in related activities.

31. Applications to Nursing Nurses should be aware of and clarify their values regarding collective bargaining and strikes when choosing a work-place. Nurse should also need to protect themselves from unfair management practices. Collective bargaining contracts establish nurse practice committees which allow employees to become involved in health care decisions. In a healthcare organization that displays minimal concern for employees satisfaction, a nurse leader may become instrumental in lobbying for a

32. Applications to Nursing (cont..) Collective bargaining agreement. A nurse manager should review past positions taken by both union and management contract negotiations, grievances and decisions to strike; this information can help the nurse manager identify and address key issues before they become problematic.

33. Difference Between the Individual and Collective Bargaining Individual Bargaining Collective Bargaining 1.Relates to an individual (single) employee having a conflict regarding wages and conditions of work . 2.Essential in market activity (buying and selling). 3.It stipulates terms and condition in detail. 1.Relates to group bargaining about wages and conditions of work. 2.Essential in a political activity. 3.Minimum terms and conditions are explained to the employees.

34. Difference Between the Individual and Collective Bargaining (cont..) 4.Individual voice is heard 5. The employer has more strength because of individual dealing. 6. The individual negotiates peacefully with the employer. 4.Individual voice is not heard. 5. Employers has less strength because they deal with a group. 6. Individual opinion of the employee is of no value.

35. summary Definitions Types Advantages Disadvantages Characteristics Objectives Issues Applications of nursing