Indoor and outdoor games

games are of two types; indoor and outdoor

1. Prepared by Anju A
Indoor games and Outdoor games

3. Basket ball

4. BASKETBALL
BasketballwasinventedbyDr.JamesNaismith
asanactivitytokeephisstudentsatgym
activeonarainyday.Theideawastocomeup
withasportthatwouldn’tbetooroughyet
wouldprovidetherightamountofphysical
exercise.Originallyplayedwithasoccerball,
thetraditionalbrownball(usedexclusivelyfor
basketball)cameintoexistenceinthelate
1950s(introducedbyTonyHinkle).Pointsare
scoredbyputtingtheballinthebasket(two
points)ifitisinfrontofthethree-pointline
elsethree-pointsarescored.Basketball,in
westerncountries,isplayedatmanylevels
includingcollegeandhigh-schoollevel
basketball.TheNationalBasketballAssociation
(NBA)intheUSAwasformedin1949andis,
today,theleadingprofessionalbasketball
leagueintheworld.Ithaswitnessedplayers
likeShaquilleO’Neal,MichaelJordan,Karl
Malone,LarryBird,etc.whohavecontributed
greatlytothepopularityandthesuccessofthe
sport.

5. Bowling

6. •Toalaymanthisgamemightseemlikeachildish
indulgence-gettingholdofahumongousballjustto
knockovertenodd-shapedpinsattheendofan
alleyhardlyqualifiesasagame,eh?Wrong.
•Thesportofbowlinghasbeenacceptedandisplayed
byover95millionpeopleacrosstheworld,spanning
morethan90countries.
•ItsrootsareinAncientEgypt(discoveredfrom
remainsbySirFlindersPetrie)andalsotheRoman
Empirewherethepeopleusedhuskballs,leather
balls,etc.
•Pinbowling,asitisknowntoday(with10-pin,9-pin
andeven5-pinvariations),wasfirstestablishedin
NewYorkin1895.
•Besidesprovidingafuneveningout,bowlinggives
plentyofexerciseforthehumanbodyandhelpsin
strengtheningofmuscles,burningfat,etc.

7. SQUASH

8. •Thisisaracquetandballsportthatcanbeplayedbytwo(singles)orfour
(doubles)players.
•Thenamesquashcomesfromthesoftnessoftheballthatisusedinthe
game.Harrowschoolisrecognizedwiththeinventionandpopularizationof
thisgamewhichusedracquetssimilarto,butalotlighterthan,thoseused
intennis.
•Therulesofthegamehaveundergonealotofchangesovertime.
•Accordingtotheconventionalscoringsystem,thefirstplayertoreach9
pointsisdeclaredthewinnerofthegame.
•Ifthescoreline,however,reads8-8thentheplayerwhoreached8first
getstodecidewhetherthegamewillbeplayedto9orplayedto10.
•However,accordingtothecurrentacceptedscoringsystem,gamesare
playedto11andmustbereachedkeepingadifferenceof2inordertowin.
•AccordingtotheWorldSquashFederation,Englandisthecountrywiththe
highestnumberofsquashcourtsintheworld.
•JahangirKhanofPakistaniswidelyconsideredtobethegreatestplayerof
thegame.

9. Table Tennis

10. •Analogoustoitsoutdoorcounterpart,tabletenniscanbeplayedbytwo
players(singles)orbyfour(doubles).
•Therulesofthegame,however,areslightlydifferent.Theservicemust
bedoneinawaysoastomaketheballdroponceinone’sownhalfof
theboardandonceintheopponent’shalf,andthereafterinthe
opponent’shalfonly.
•Indoubles,therallyiscontinuedbyplayersalternatingamong
themselvesthusaddinganextradimensionofchallengetothis
extremelyfastgame;also,indoubles,theserviceisdonediagonally
betweenoppositesectionsoftheboard!Thisgameoriginatedn
Englandinthelate1800swhereitwasplayedmostlybytheeliteclass
asapost-mealgame.
•Owingtothesoundoftheballbeinghitto-and-frobetweenthe
racquets,thisgameisalsoknownasping-pong.
•ThefirstevertabletennisWorldChampionshipswashostedbyLondon
in1926.
•With2WorldChampionshipsandaWorldCuptitletohisname,Jan-
OveWaldnerisconsideredasoneofthefinestplayersofthisgame.

11. Carrom board

12. Chess

13. •ThisgamewithastalwartthatIndiacanboastofproudly(Vishwanathan
Anand)iscertainlyoneofthemostmentallytaxingandIQ-demanding
games.
•WithrootslyinginAncientIndiaintheGuptaEmpire,itwasknownas
‘chaturanga’-literallymeaningfourdivisions(infantry,cavalry,elephantry
andchariotryrepresentedbypawn,knight,bishopandrook).
•ItsspreadintoandacrossEuropedidnotoccuruntilthe1000s.
•ChesshasseenmanyinternationalcompetitionsbeingheldliketheWorld
Championship,theWomen’sWorldChampionship,theJuniorWorld
Championship,theWorldComputerChessChampionshipandmanymore.
•CurrentlyruledbygrandmasterMagnusCarlsen,Chesshasbeenableto
boastofheavyweightslikeAnand,Kasparov,Fischer,etc.Interestingly,
owingtotherapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligenceandcutting-edge
algorithms,acomputercalledDeepBlue(IBM)becamethefirstcomputer
todefeatahumanchesschampion(Kasparov)in1997!

14. Badminton

15. •Likesquash,Badmintonisalsoaracquet
sport(playedwithashuttlecockinsteadofa
ball).
•Opponentsarepittedagainstoneanother
oneithersideofanetandapointisscored
byaplayerwhentheshuttlecockisnot
returned,duringarally,byhisopponent.
•1992wasthefirstyearwhenbadminton
wasfirstintroducedintheOlympics.
•Thissportrequiresagooddealofagility,
reflexesandhand-eyecoordination.
•ItwasinBritishIndia(early1800s)when
thissportfirstcameintoexistence.
•However,insteadofwhatweknowas
shuttlecockstoday(madeoffeathers),
woolenballswereused.
•TheBadmintonWorldFederationwas
establishedintheyear1934,longtimeafter
thegamehadgainedwidespreadpopularity
inEngland.

16. FUTSAL

17. •Avariantoffootballthatismainlyplayedindoors,futsalisplayed
onasmallerfieldwith5playersoneachside.
•FutsalisnativetoBrazilandUruguaywhereitisplayedmorethan
footballbutattractsfarlesspeople.
•Futsalisplayedonahardsurfacewithaballthathasfarless
bouncethanafootball.Substitutionshavenolimitationasin
football.
•Thespreadofthegameduringthe1970swasgovernedbyan
internationalbody-FederacionInternacionaldeFutbaldeSalon
(FIFUSA).
•Currently,FIFUSAisnolongeragoverningbodyofthesport.FIFA
isoneofthegoverningbodiesandorganizesseparate
tournamentsascomparedtoAMF(AsociacionMundialdeFutbal
deSalon).
•Futsalisplayedontheinternationallevelbycountriesthatare
regularsinfootballaswell.ThecurrentFIFAfutsalWorld
ChampionisBrazil.

18. BILLIARDS

19. •AgeneraltermusedforCaramboleBilliards,thisisthemost
populargamefromthefamilyofbilliards(othersincludethree-
cushionbilliards,pool,etc).
•ItisbelievedtohaveitsoriginsinFranceinthelate1700s.
•Thecarambolebilliardgame(mostpopularinthefamily)hasa
verysimpleobjective-apointisscored(knownascount)when
thecueballhitsboththeobjectballsinasinglestroke.
•Assoonasapresetnumberofpointsisreachedthewinneris
decided.
•Othervariationsofbilliardsincludelimited-railbilliards,balkline
billiards,cushioncarom,three-cushionbilliards,etc.

21. Football

22. •Footballisafamilyofteamsportsthatinvolve,to
varyingdegrees,kickingaballwithafoottoscoreagoal.
•Unqualified,thewordfootballisunderstoodtoreferto
whicheverformoffootballisthemostpopularinthe
regionalcontextinwhichthewordappears.
•Sportscommonlycalledfootballincertainplaces
include:associationfootball(knownassoccerinsome
countries);gridironfootball(specificallyAmerican
footballorCanadianfootball);Australianrulesfootball;
rugbyfootball(eitherrugbyleagueorrugbyunion);and
Gaelicfootball.
•Thesedifferentvariationsoffootballareknownas
footballcodes.

23. Cricket

24. •Cricketisabat-and-ballgameplayedbetweentwoteamsof
elevenplayerseachonacricketfield,atthecentreofwhich
isarectangular20-metre(22-yard)pitchwithatargetat
eachendcalledthewicket(asetofthreewoodenstumps
uponwhichtwobailssit).
•Eachphaseofplayiscalledaninnings,duringwhichone
teambats,attemptingtoscoreasmanyrunsaspossible,
whilsttheiropponentsbowlandfield,attemptingto
minimisethenumberofrunsscored.Wheneachinnings
ends,theteamsusuallyswaprolesforthenextinnings(i.e.
theteamthatpreviouslybattedwillbowl/field,andvice
versa).
•Theteamseachbatforoneortwoinnings,dependingon
thetypeofmatch.

25. Race

26. Hockey

27. •Hockeyisasportinwhichtwo
teamsplayagainsteachother
bytryingtomaneuveraballora
puckintotheopponent'sgoal
usingahockeystick.
•Therearemanytypesofhockey
suchasbandy,fieldhockeyand
icehockey.
Thefirstrecordeduseofthewordhockeyisin
the1773bookJuvenileSportsandPastimes,to
WhichArePrefixed,MemoirsoftheAuthor:
IncludingaNewModeofInfantEducationby
RichardJohnson(Pseud.MasterMichel
Angelo),whosechapterXIwastitled"New
ImprovementsontheGameofHockey".[2]The
beliefthathockeywasmentionedina1363
proclamationbyKingEdwardIIIofEnglandis
basedonmoderntranslationsofthe
proclamation,whichwasoriginallyinLatinand
explicitlyforbadethegames"PilamManualem,
Pedivam,&Bacularem:&adCanibucam&
GallorumPugnam".TheEnglishhistorianand
biographerJohnStrypedidnotusetheword
"hockey"whenhetranslatedtheproclamation
in1720.

28. END