Industrial Disasters and the house of a small

Industrial disaster content in hindi and english ko project ko topic tah xa Nisha lai vahnis ani thikai chaw ka xa hai tah ani mo ne aabo k garnu hude xa ne tah ki na yaha se baat kar rahi hai na reshaw lo oi hos na vetum hai to koi sanga nahi hota hai na ki bhi kam nahi ho raha hai to kya hua hai tah ani mo tah baat kar lo oi mo goko ka bhi change ho gya h wo na reshaw nu bhi kam nahi hai na reshaw hai sathi ho jo jo bhi ho sakta tha aur bhi ho gya h na daht ko ma bhi change ho jayega na daht se bhi ho jayega aap ko bhi kam se 666366 you 6 you can join the class is there for me ☺️ 😁 😁 ☺️ I am not able to you and your family a very happy birthday to you dear my name is a good night to you and your family a very happy Birthday to you dear my name is a good morning to all of you are not able to you and your family a very happy birthday to you dear my name is a good night to you and your family a very happy birthday to you dear my name is a good night to you and family to all the best wishes for your life is not a big fan dai na reshaw nu haw are you no more of your love 💕 you are not able to you and your family a very happy birthday to you and your family a very happy birthday to you and your family a very happy birthday to you and your family a very happy birthday to you and your family a very happy birthday to you and your family a very happy birthday to you and your family and I love you' but you are happy 😊 😘 andha hai na reshaw hai sathi ho jo jo jo jo jo jo jo jo jo you 💕 💕 💕 💕 😂 😂 you are not a good night to be saved by the same to you and family to all of you are always welcome to you 66you are you no my vc call me when you are free or not able to you and your team to you and your family a very happy birthday to you and your family 🎉 🎉 🎉 are you no time for me to you too Bhai na ani thikai chaw ka xa hai tah dar es hi hai na reshaw hai sathi to be saved by the time to you and your family a very 6are you going 5to you and your family a very happy birthday to you instead I 🥳 🎊 🎊 God bless you with lots of industry and happiness and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and prosperity and happiness in your world and your family a very happy birthday hai na reshaw hai na reshaw nu haw mo chai na hune ne mo ne tah ka xa hai to koi Sita busy hai tah ani mo tah to you are the one who is the first 🥇 of the day of a day or not a good 56 information ℹ️ ℹ️ regards to you both are you all doing well and good night to you and your family a very very 6are you are not able to join in the day of the week 🙂 and your family a great 😃 and a very good 👍🏿 and a very good 👍🏿 and a very good 👍🏿 and a great 👍🏿 😃 and a great 😃 and a very good 👍🏿 and a very happy birthday hai na reshaw hai sathi ho jo jo jo jo jo jo jo jo jo jo jo jo jo bhi ho sakta hai tah ani mo tah to you and your family a very happy birthday

1. Case Studies:
Industrial Disasters, Environmental damage and
effects
Presentation by:
Dr. GazalaHabib
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Delhi

2. Bhopal Gas Leak (1984)
•World’sworsteverindustrialaccident.
•NightofDecember2-3,1984.
•UnionCarbide(nowDowChemical)
pesticideplant,Bhopal,India
•Toxicgases(MethylIsocyanate,
C
2H
3NOusedinproductionof
carbamatepesticides)leaked.
•Thedeadlyfumesdriftedintothe
sleepingcityandpeoplewokewith
burningeyesandlungs.
•Thousandsdiedwithindays.
•Intheyearsafter,pollutantsseeping
outoftheplantsiteintogroundwater
havecausedcancer,growth
retardationanddizziness.

3. What happened in Bhopal tragedy?
•NightofDec3rd,1984.
•WaterwassentinthepipestocleanupUnionCarbideplantinBhopal.
•WaterhadtobekeptinisolationfromMETHYLISOCYANIDEbutweren’t.
•Thesafetynormswerenotadequateandwaterreachedtank610,setoffareactionand
deadlygasMETHYLISOCYANATEleakedoutofventgasscrubbertowerandreached
outside.
•Around15,274peoplewerekilledonthespotand>5.73lakhvictimsmaimed.
•Thegaswhenreachedoutsidewastoolateforpeopletorespondandevacuate.

5. Some Less known facts: Bhopal Gas Tragedy
•In1999,reportsfoundthatthemercurylevelswhenthegasleaktookplacewerebetween20,000to6millionppm.
•TheGovernmentrecorded5,295deathswhileactivistsclaimthat25,000peoplehavediedfromtheaftermathinthe
followingyears.
•Thenextgenerationofchildrenarebornwithconditionslikebraindamage,twistedlimbsandmusculoskeletal
disorders.
•Thecoolingsystemoftankswerenon-operational,towerofneutralizationofgaseswhenthere’soverpressurewas
non-functional,thetowerneededtoburngasesintheeventofoverpressurewasnon-operationalwhenthegasleak
tookplace.
•>2000animalsweredeadfromtheeffectofthegasandweredisposedofalltogetherinthenearbyriver.
•In2009,CSEmadeareportstatingthatthefoundsamplesfromaroundthesitecontainedchlorinatedbenzene
compoundsandorganochlorinepesticideswhichwere561timeshigherthanthenationalstandard.
•1,029,517caseswereregisteredanddecided.Casesawardedwere5,74,304while4,55,213wererejected.Total
compensationawardedwasUS$250million.

6. Chernobyl Nuclear Accident(1986)
•Thebiggestradiationcontaminationever.
•April26,1986.
•Chernobylnuclearpowerplant’scorewentintomeltdown.
•31peoplekilledandreleasing100timesmoreradiationthan
theatombombsdroppedonJapan.
•Evenmoreradioactivityremainstrappedwithintheplant.
•From1992to2002inBelarus,RussiaandUkrainemorethan
4000casesofthyroidcancerwerediagnosedamongchildren
andadolescents,mainlyduetocontaminatedmilk.
•The19-mileexclusionzonearoundtheplantremains
uninhabitable.

7. Fukushima nuclear disaster (2011)
•Fukushimaplantsufferedmajordamagefromthemagnitude9.0
earthquakeandtsunamithathitJapanonMarch11,2011.
•Thepipingfacilityinthebuilding,thefacilitiesfortheexternal
powersupplyandbackuppowerweredestroyed.
•Thenextday,theleakageofradioactivematerialshadbeenfound
infrontofthemaingateofthenuclearpowerplant.
•Thesteamwasfilledinthebuildingbythecoremeltdown
causedbythedysfunctionofthecoolingsystem.
•Lotsofradioactivematerialswerescatteredintheenvironment
thorough“vent”toreducetheinternalpressureandthe
hydroponicexplosionsofthenuclearreactors.
•OnApril12th,2011,NuclearandIndustrialSafetyAgencyraised
therateoftheaccidentfromlevel5tothelevel7,thesamelevel
asChernobyl.

8. Case Study: Erin Brockovich
•Whoisshe?
•AlegalresearcherinCaliforniawhosestorywasportrayedbyJulia
RobertsintheMay2000movieErinBrockovichwhichfetchedJulia5Big
Awards includingbestactressatAcademy Awards
•Whatdidshedo?
•HinkleyislocatedintheMojaveDesert,nearthetownofBarstow,
California,about150milesfromLasVegas.
•BrockovichclaimedthatPacificGas&ElectricCompany(PG&E)California
wasallowingCr6+toleachintothegroundwatersupplyinHinkley,
California,causingmanyresidentstobecomeill.
•In1996,asaresultofalawsuit,theutilitycompanypaidthelargesttoxic
tortinjurysettlementinU.S.history:$333millionindamagestomore
than600Hinkley,Californiaresidents

9. What did PG & E do?
•Hinkley compressor station was built in 1952 as a part of anatural-
gaspipeline connecting to theSan Francisco Bay Area.
•Between 1952 and 1966, PG&E used Cr6+ in a cooling tower system
to fightcorrosion.
•Wastewater was discharged to unlined pondsat the site, & some
percolated into thegroundwater.

10. Unfolding of the case: Hinkley vs. PG&E
•On December 7, 1987 officials from the company advised the State of California they had detected levels of Cr6+, a highly
toxic and fatal cancer-causingchemical in a groundwater monitoring well north of the compressor station's waste water
ponds.
•The levels were ten times greater than the maximum amount allowed by law.
•PG&E started to buy every piece of property in the community thought to be affected by the pollution.
•PG&E had 75% of those houses and buildings destroyed (VANDALIZED !!!!)
•PG&E told the citizens of Hinkleythat they had been using chromium in their drinking water making it seem as if it had
actually been beneficial, but failed to mention the dangerous type of chromium it had dumped in the environment, also
making it seem like the detection was a new development.
•People and animals who lived in the area had been breathing, ingesting, and absorbing dangerous toxins into their bodies
for decades.
•PG&E didn't line the ponds until 1972.
•The company sent 750,000 additional gallons of Cr6+ wastewater every monthto the ponds for another six years.

11. •Oncethetoxicmaterialwasintheunlinedponds,therewasnothingtostopitfrommigratingtothewells
thatsuppliednearbyhomes,farmsandranches.
•ErinBrockovichandherbossmadethedecisiontorepresentthesepeople.When77initialplaintiffsfiled
theirlawsuitagainstPG&Ein1993,itwasthedirectresultofamonstrouseffortbythisdedicatedlegal
team.
•Aslawyersforbothsidesfought,thecasegrew,eventually648plaintiffs(theplaintiffisthepersonorgroup
whoisaccusinganotherpersonorgroupofsomewrongdoing)joinedthelawsuit.
•By September 19, 1994 the parties reached an agreement to arbitrate/mediate.
•At the end of the two year long arbitration trial, the plaintiffs reached a global settlement with PG&E which:
•Compensated all the named plaintiffs in the amount of $333 million (of which the lawsuit company got
$133.6 million & Erin got $ 2 million as bonus !!!!)
•Required PG&E to clean up the environment & stop using Cr6+
Unfolding of the case: Hinkley vs. PG&E

12. Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
•April20,2010.
•TheDeepwaterHorizonoffshoreoilriginthe
GulfofMexicoexploded,killing11workers
andleadingtotheworstoilspilland
environmentalcatastropheinUShistory.
•Arupturedunderwaterpipespewedalmost5
millionbarrelsofoilintotheGulfoverthree
months,threateninghundredsofmilesof
beaches,wetlands,andestuaries.
•Thousandsofanimals,includingturtles,crabs,
fish,andbirdsfellvictim,andthelocalfishing
andtourismindustriessufferedbadly.

13. Spoils of War
•Anywarormilitaryexercisereleasesalotof
chemical/biologicalwastesintotheenvironment.
•AgentOrangewasusedbytheU.S.militaryasa
defoliant(Achemicalsprayedordustedonplantstocaus
etheleavestofalloff)duringtheVietnamWar
herbicidalwarfareprogram,OperationRanchHand,
during1961to1971,AgentOrangeisblamedfor
nightmarishbirthdefects.
•Militarypollutionrangesfromleftoverlandminesthat
killandmaim(woundorinjure(apersonoranimal)so
thatpartofthebodyispermanentlydamaged)
thousandsofunwarycivilianstocontaminatednuclear
weaponstestingsites.
•Mostrecently,AmericanandBritishammunitionusing
‘depleteduranium’hasbeenblamedforincreasedrates
ofcancerandbirthdefectsinIraq.
A
5-year-old Vietnamese disabled victim of Agent Orange [2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)], Nguyen Minh Vu, rests in his
cot in a Ho Chi Minh City hospital.

14. Leaded gasoline
•Leadfromexhaustfumesattacks
theheart,kidneysandnervous
systemandisparticularly
damagingtochildren’sbrains.It
contaminatessoil,urbandust
andcrops.
•Justninecountries—including
Afghanistan,Iraq,andNorth
Korea—stilluseleadedgasoline.

15. The Ozone Hole
•TheozonelayershieldstheEarth
fromtheSun’sharmfulultraviolet
(ShortwaveUVC,100-280nm
wavelength)radiation.
•Largeholesinthelayerover
Antarctica.
•Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)damage
ozonelayer.

16. Toxic pesticides
•DDThelpedcombattyphusandmalaria,
butaccumulatedintheenvironment.
•In1962,scientistRachelCarson’sbook
‘SilentSpring’showedthatthepesticide
wasdecimatingbirdpopulations.
•Canbefoundinmammal'smilk.
•TheuseofDDTinmanynationswas
subsequentlybanned.
•DDTiscurrentlyapprovedonlyinspecial
casesforcontrolofinsect-bornediseases
likemalaria.

17. Indoor Air Pollution
•Overhalftheworld’spopulationrelies
ondung,wood,coalorcropwasteto
cookandheattheirhomes.
•Withoutproperventilationtheyare
exposingthemselvestosootordust
particlesthatcancausedeadly
respiratorydiseases.
•Everyyear,indoorairpollutionis
responsibleforthedeathsof1.6million
people,(WHO,2015).

18. The Pacific Garbage Patch
•ThePacificGarbagePatchisasemi-
permanentfloatingislandofplastic
trash,circulatedbythecurrentsofthe
NorthPacificGyre,whichoften
depositsjunkonislandbeaches.
•Largeritemslikefishingnetscan
entangleanddrownseaanimalsand
chokeseabirds,whilesmalleritems
eventuallydissolveandsopollutethe
marinefoodchain.

19. SukindaValley, India
•TheSukindaValleyinOrissastate,India
contains97%ofIndia’schromiteore
deposits—usedmainlytomakechrome
platingandstainlesssteel.
•Miningprocessesleavetoxicchromium
hexavalentinsurfaceanddrinkingwater,
thesoil,andtheair.
•Residentssufferfromgastrointestinal
bleeding,tuberculosis,andasthma.
Infertilityandbirthdefectsarecommon.
•TheOrissaVoluntaryHealthAssociation
reportedthat85%ofdeathsinmining
areasandnearbyvillagesoccurreddueto
chromite-mine-relateddiseases.