Industrial revolution

I made this presentation to specifically cover why Industrial revolution started, causes of Industrial revolution, major inventions, effects - both positive and negative and industrial revolution today.

1. What is Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions. The Industrial revolution took place in Britain, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in human history in almost every aspect of human life.

2. Industrial revolution can also be described in the words of Nobel Prize winning Robert E. Lucas, Jr. as he states, "For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth. ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior has happened before." What is Industrial Revolution?

3. Before Industrial revolution manufacturing took place in homes or rural areas and it was done by hand. Some products made in home (including clothing, furniture, tools, cloth, hardware, jewelry, leather, silverware, and weapons) were even exchanged for food. But, people lived in fear that the crops they grew might fail, as many of them already suffered from malnutrition. In addition, diseases and other epidemics were unfortunately common. Hence machines were introduced to enhance the effective production. Industrial revolution specifically emerged from Britain because it had natural resources like coal, iron ore and developed farmlands. It also had a stable population growth due to the boosting agricultural system Why did Industrial Revolution start?

4. Collectively there were many major factors that contributed to Industrial revolution. The urge to increase the quality of human like, to make technological advancement led to the causes of the Industrial revolution. But there are three most important causes of Industrial revolution were • Dependency on technology • Impact of education •  Protestant Reformation Causes of Industrial revolution

5. Steam power was fuelled by coal, utilization of water wheels and powered machinery. Development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of production. Effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, affecting most of the world, a process that continues as industrialization. STEAM ENGINES

6. Factory owners needed a way to efficiently and cheaply produce the energy needed to power industry. James Watt had the answer. A more cost-effective engine was required to make its use widespread. James Watt Steam Engine

7. The locomotive named “ Butcher ” that dragged 30 tons of materials till four miles. This successful presentation marked the first steam locomotive journey made on railroad that was specifically created for train use. Stephenson's locomotive

8. Fulton’s steamboat was the first to become a practical, financial, and commercially successful steamboat. Fulton’s steamboat was names as ‘Clermont’. Robert Fulton's ‘Steamboat’

9. Agricultural Revolution began in the early 1700s with an Englishman. Crop yields per acre were increased by new knowledge about what techniques would allow plants to grow and new agricultural techniques . Fertilizers , minerals, and soil content were all factors that started to be taken into account. New tools, and processes were developed. New plows, rakes, and other implements began to be used. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

10. Jethro Tull invented a Seed Drill which could be pulled behind a horse . A seed drill sowed seeds that exactly positions the seeds in the soil and then covers them. It would sow seeds in uniform rows repeatedly instead of the wasteful method of scattering seeds by hand. Jethro Tull

11. Townshend discovered-or merely popularized , that if crops were grown in rotation, the land could be kept in production with no loss of fertility . Townshend's method became known as the Norfolk Crop Rotation system. Lord Townshend

12. Bakewell's great innovation included random breeding called ‘in-an-in’, resulting in many different breeds with their own unique, but random, characteristics . This breeding included both plants and animals . Robert Bakewell

13. The textile industry significantly grew during the Industrial Revolution. Advancement was made in use of machinery which was cheaper then products made by hand (which took a long time to create), therefore allowing the cloth to be cheaper to the consumer . In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell set up the first American textile factory. TEXTILE SECTOR

14. Cotton gin made cotton processing less labor-intensive, it helped planters earn greater profits, prompting them to grow larger crops, which in turn required more people. Eli Whintey's Cotton gin

15. James Hargreave’s ‘Spinning Jenny’, revolutionized the process of cotton spinning. The machine used eight spindles onto which the thread was spun, so by turning a single wheel, the operator could now spin eight threads at once. The Spinning Jenny

16. John Kay in 1733, formed the ‘Flying Shuttle ’. The flying shuttle also allowed the thread to be woven at a faster rate, thus enabling the process of weaving to become faster. John Kay's 'Flying Shuttle'

17. The growth of the Industrial Revolution depended on the ability to transport raw materials and finished goods over long distances . There were three main types of transportation that increased during the Industrial Revolution: waterways, roads, and railroads . Transportation was important because people were starting to live in the West. During this time period, transportation via water was the cheapest way to move heavy products. TRANSPORT SECTOR

18. The Rocket was designed and built by George Stephenson with the help of his son, Robert, and Henry Booth. The Rocket reached speeds of 24mph during the 20 laps of the course. The Rocket can be seen at the Science Museum, in London. Stephenson's 'Rocket'

19. Wright Brothers were successful in flying the first plane. The plane flew for 59 seconds, at 852 feet, an extraordinary achievement. The Wright Brothers

20. Henry Ford invented the assembly line at his automobile company. The assembly line reduced production time. More cars were made available for a lower cost, making the cars more common Henry Ford

21. There are many medical advances that occurred during the Industrial Revolution . Some of these advancement included small pox vaccination, discovery of anesthetic, discovery of X-ray, invention of aspirin and blood transfusion. MEDICINE SECTOR

22. Louis Pasteur's main contributions to microbiology and medicine were: • Instituting changes in hospital/medical practices to minimize the spread of disease by microbes or germs . • Discovering that weak forms of disease could be used as an immunization against stronger forms and that rabies was transmitted by viruses too small to be seen under the microscopes of the time . • Introducing the medical world to the concept of viruses . Louis Pasteur ‘Germ theory’

23. Germ theory that was proposed by Louis Pasteur . Louis Pasteur ‘Germ theory’

24. Edward Jenner confronted small pox. He performed an experiment by deliberately infecting a young boy with the dose of cow pox. His experiment wouldn't be approved by ethics committees today, but Jenner's discovery of immunization has saved more lives than perhaps any other single discovery in medical science. Edward Jenner

25. Not only did the transport or medial sector evolve during the period of Industrial revolution but also improvements were made in communication . Example:- In 1700 it took four days to contact from London to Manchester, but in 1880 it took four hours. By 1902, the whole British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables called the 'All Red Line'. New invention were introduced by Samuel F.B. and Alexander Graham Bell. COMMUNICATION SECTOR

26. Samuel F.B. Morse’s telegraph was patented in 1837 . This telegraph cables reached from London to Australia; massages could be flashed halfway around the globe in a matter of minutes, speeding commercial transactions Samuel F.B. Telegraph

27. The telephone and other innovations like the microphone were reportedly developed By Alexander Graham Bell in part to assist people with hearing loss. Alexander Graham Bell Telephone

28. Industrial Revolution consisted of both positive and negative aspects that impacted Great Britain, its economy, and its people.  Positively , inventions such as the steam engine, pushed Britain and other nations towards manufacturing and engineering prowess. Britain was by far the wealthiest nation, as it began producing more efficiently. This led to set new standards to form an industrial economy. However with Industrial revolution, came many negative impacts too. Impact Of Industrial Revolution

29. • Infrastructure • Modern inventions • Class structure • Erosion of gender inequality • Improvement in Education system POSITIVE OUTCOME/EFFECTS

30. • Work conditions • Child labor • Rural - Urban migration • Increase in Population • Pollution NEGATIVE IMPACT

31. In coal mines children had to crawl through narrow underground passages as low as 16 to 18 inhes in height. Child labor during Industrial Revolution

32. Child Labor during Industrial Revolution

33. The smog in 1873 killed over 700 people in London. However, the largest air pollution disaster in Britain was the Great London Smog of December 1952 which killed approximately 4,000 people. Pollution

34. Even in today’s time we’re experiencing Industrial Revolution. Weather its war machines, modern medicine or infrastructure, the effect of Industrial revolution can be greatly seen. Every technological advancement made is a sign of Industrial revolution. One such example of Industrial revolution is the Social Media or Internet. The Internet is bringing a revolution along with it. Industrial Revolution today