Infancy_Development_CBSE_Grade 11_Presentation.pptx

unit 3 Psychology grade 11 cbse

1. The Amazing Development of the Brain Brain develops rapidly before and after birth. Cerebrum's role: language, perception, and intelligence. Just before birth: newborns have most brain cells. Rapid development of neural connections.

2. Newborn Abilities Newborns breathe, suck, swallow, and discharge bodily wastes. Indicate sound direction. Distinguish mother's voice. Imitate simple gestures (e.g., tongue protrusion, mouth opening).

3. Motor Development Movements governed by reflexes. Reflexes: automatic, built-in responses to stimuli. Examples: coughing, blinking, yawning. Reflexes are survival mechanisms and foundations for motor development.

4. Reflexes and Voluntary Control Reflexes disappear as brain matures. Voluntary control over behavior develops. Examples: - Coughing: reflex persists throughout life. - Rooting reflex: disappears as baby gains voluntary control over head movements.

5. Physical (Motor) Development Muscles and nervous system mature with growth. Development of finer skills. Basic motor skills: grasping, reaching, sitting, crawling, walking, running. Sequence of development is universal.

6. Sensory Abilities Newborns recognize mother's voice hours after birth. Preferences for stimuli (e.g., faces). Vision: lower than adults, improves by 6 months, 20/20 by first year. Color vision: distinguish red and white, full color vision by 3 months. Hearing, touch, smell, and taste present at birth.

7. Cognitive Development Jean Piaget: children actively construct understanding of the world. Series of stages from infancy to adolescence. Each stage characterized by distinct thinking, age-related. Infancy: experiencing the world through senses and interactions. Lack of object permanence (awareness that objects continue to exist when not perceived).

8. Object Permanence Example: hiding a toy. Young infants don't search for hidden toys. By 8 months: start pursuing partially covered objects. Basis of verbal communication in infants: babbling (3-6 months).

9. Socio-Emotional Development Babies are social creatures from birth. Prefer familiar faces, respond to parents. By 6-8 months: show preference for mother. Cry or show distress when separated from mother, reciprocate with smiles or hugs upon reunion.

10. Attachment Close emotional bond between infants and parents/caregivers. Harlow and Harlow's study: baby monkeys preferred cloth mother over wire mother. Contact-comfort important for attachment.

11. Erik Erikson's Theory First year of life: key for developing trust or mistrust. Trust: built on physical comfort and responsive, sensitive parenting. Secure attachment: positive response when picked up, move freely, and play. Insecure attachment: anxious when separated, cry, and get upset.

12. Summary Brain development before and after birth. Newborn abilities and reflexes. Physical, sensory, cognitive, and socio-emotional development. Importance of attachment and trust in early years.