Information Technology - Types of Computer Attacks.pptx
LanieDalagon1
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113 slides
May 24, 2024
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About This Presentation
Can help for IT students
Size: 31.51 MB
Language: en
Added: May 24, 2024
Slides: 113 pages
Slide Content
Types of computer attacks Lanie D. Viernes 1
What is a computer attack? -Is a malicious attempt to disrupt, damage or gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network. 2
MALWARE ATTACKS 3 Some common types of computer attacks PHISHING ATTACKS PASSWORD ATTACKS DENIAL-OF-SERVICE ATTACKS WEB ATTACKS DRIVE-BY DOWNLOADS
20XX Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/ 4 Malware attack A malware attack is a type of computer attack that involves the use of malicious software, or malware, to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network. Malware is a catch-all term that includes a wide variety of malicious software, such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, and spyware, among others. Malware attacks can be launched in a variety of ways, such as through email attachments, infected websites, or software downloads. Once the malware is installed on a computer system or network, it can cause a range of problems, such as stealing sensitive information, disrupting system performance, or even taking control of the system.
20XX 5 The most common type of malware Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/ 5
is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s data where the attacker demands for a “ransom”, or payment, in order to restore access to files and network. 6 RANSOMWARE Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
HOW DO RANSOMWARE ATTACKS WORK? 7 Step 1: Infection Ransomware operators often use phishing emails and social engineering techniques to infect their victim’s computer. In most cases, the victim ends up clicking a malicious link in the email, introducing the ransomware variant on their device. Step 2: ENCRYPTION After a device or system has been infected, the ransomware then searches for and encrypts valuable files. Depending on the variant, the malicious software may find opportunities to spread to other devices and systems across the organization. Step 3: RANSOM DEMAND Once the data has been encrypted, a decryption key is required to unlock the files. In order to get the decryption key, the victim must follow the instructions left on a ransom note that outline how to pay the attacker – usually in Bitcoin. Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Example of ransomware letter 8 Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
is a type of malicious activity that uses native, legitimate tools built into a system to execute a cyber attack. Unlike traditional malware , fileless malware does not require an attacker to install any code on a target’s system, making it hard to detect. 10 FILELESS MALWARE Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Stages of a fileLESS attack 11 Stage 1: gain access Technique: Remotely Exploit a vulnerability and use web scripting for remote access ( eg. China Chopper) The attacker gains remote access to the victim’s system, to establish a beachhead for his attack. Stage 2: steal credentials Technique: Remotely Exploit a vulnerability and use web scripting for remote access ( eg. Mimikatz ) Using the access gained in the previous step, the attacker now tries to obtain credentials for the environment he has compromised, allowing him to easily move to other systems in that environment. Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
12 Stage 3: maintain persistence Technique: Modify registry to create a backdoor ( eg. Sticky Keys Bypass) Now, the attacker sets up a backdoor that will allow him to return to this environment at will, without having to repeat the initial steps of the attack. Stage 2: exfiltrate data Technique: Uses file system and built-in compression utility to gather data, then uses FTP to upload the data In the final step, the attacker gathers the data he wants and prepares it for exfiltration, copying it in one location and then compressing it using readily available system tools such as Compact. The attacker then removes the data from the victim’s environment by uploading it via FTP. Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Spyware collects information about users’ activities without their knowledge or consent. This can include passwords, pins, payment information and unstructured messages. 15 SPYWARE Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Adware is any software program that displays adverts on a computer, whether harmful or not. It is most commonly referred to as malicious programs that show misleading adverts, blinking pop-up windows, giant digital billboards, and full-screen auto-play advertisements within an internet browser 17 ADWARE Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
The danger in adware is the erosion of a user’s privacy — the data captured by adware is collated with data captured, overtly or covertly, about the user’s activity elsewhere on the internet and used to create a profile of that person which includes who their friends are, what they’ve purchased, where they’ve traveled, and more. That information can be shared or sold to advertisers without the user’s consent. 18 ADWARE Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
A Trojan Horse (Trojan) is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate code or software. Once inside the network, attackers are able to carry out any action that a legitimate user could perform, such as exporting files, modifying data, deleting files or otherwise altering the contents of the device. 20 TROJAN Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
A Trojan is sometimes called a Trojan virus or Trojan horse virus, but those terms are technically incorrect. Unlike a virus or worm, Trojan malware cannot replicate itself or self-execute. It requires specific and deliberate action from the user. 21 TROJAN: virus or malware? Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Trojans are malware, and like most forms of malware, Trojans are designed to damage files, redirect internet traffic, monitor the user’s activity, steal sensitive data or set up backdoor access points to the system. Trojans may delete, block, modify, leak or copy data, which can then be sold back to the user for ransom or on the dark web . 22 TROJAN: virus or malware? Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
A computer worm is a subset of the Trojan horse malware that can propagate or self-replicate from one computer to another without human activation after breaching a system. Typically, a worm spreads across a network through your Internet or LAN (Local Area Network) connection. 25 WORMS Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Worms target vulnerabilities in operating systems to install themselves into networks. They may gain access in several ways: through backdoors built into software, through unintentional software vulnerabilities, or through flash drives. Once in place, worms can be used by malicious actors to launch DDoS attacks , steal sensitive data, or conduct ransomware attacks. 26 WORMS Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
A virus is a piece of code that inserts itself into an application and executes when the app is run. Once inside a network, a virus may be used to steal sensitive data, launch DDoS attacks or conduct ransomware attacks. 28 VIRUS Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
A rootkit is a type of malicious software or malware that is designed to gain administrative-level or privileged access to a computer system or network without being detected. Once installed, a rootkit can modify or replace system files, programs, and processes, and can hide its presence from traditional antivirus and anti-malware software. 30 ROOTKITS Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Keyloggers are a type of malware designed to capture and record every keystroke made on a computer keyboard or virtual keyboard. This can include usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, and other sensitive information entered by the user. Keyloggers can be used by hackers to steal personal information, financial data, or login credentials. 32 KEYLOGGERS Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
A keylogger is a type of spyware that monitors user activity. Keyloggers have legitimate uses; businesses can use them to monitor employee activity and families may use them to keep track of children’s online behaviors. 33 Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
A bot is a software application that performs automated tasks on command. They’re used for legitimate purposes, such as indexing search engines, but when used for malicious purposes, they take the form of self-propagating malware that can connect back to a central server. 35 BOTS/BOTNETS Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Usually, bots are used in large numbers to create a botnet , which is a network of bots used to launch broad remotely-controlled floods of attacks, such as DDoS attacks. Botnets can become quite expansive. For example, the Mirai IoT botnet ranged from 800,000 to 2.5M computers. 36 Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Mirai gained notoriety in 2016 when it was used to launch a massive DDoS attack on the DNS provider Dyn , which caused major internet disruptions and outages across the United States and Europe. The attack was successful in part because Mirai was able to exploit vulnerable IoT devices with weak security and default passwords. 37 Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
New Echobot malware is a smorgasbord of vulnerabilities | ZDNET 38 Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
Mobile malware is malicious software specifically designed to target mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, with the goal of gaining access to private data. 39 MOBILE MALWARE Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
A wiper is a type of malware with a single purpose: to erase user data and ensure it can’t be recovered. Wipers are used to take down computer networks in public or private companies across various sectors. Threat actors also use wipers to cover up traces left after an intrusion, weakening their victim’s ability to respond. 41 WIPER MALWARE Source: https://www.crowdstrike.com/cybersecurity-101/malware/types-of-malware/
MALWARE ATTACKS 43 Some common types of computer attacks PHISHING ATTACKS PASSWORD ATTACKS WEB ATTACKS PASSWORD ATTACKS
44 A phishing attack is a type of social engineering attack where an attacker tries to trick a victim into revealing sensitive information, such as login credentials, credit card numbers, or personal information, by posing as a trustworthy entity. What is a phishing attack?
45 Phishing attacks typically involve sending a fake email, message, or website that looks like it comes from a legitimate source, such as a bank, social media platform, or online retailer. The message may contain a link to a fake website that looks like the real thing but is actually designed to steal the victim's login credentials or other sensitive information.
47 Spear phishing involves targeting a specific individual in an organization to try to steal their login credentials . The attacker often first gathers information about the person before starting the attack, such as their name, position, and contact details. SPEAR PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
49 Vishing , which is short for "voice phishing," is when someone uses the phone to try to steal information. The attacker may pretend to be a trusted friend or relative or to represent them. VISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
51 In an email phishing scam, the attacker sends an email that looks legitimate, designed to trick the recipient into entering information in reply or on a site that the hacker can use to steal or sell their data. EMAIL PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
53 An HTTPS phishing attack is carried out by sending the victim an email with a link to a fake website. The site may then be used to fool the victim into entering their private information. HTTPS PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
55 In a pharming attack, the victim gets malicious code installed on their computer. This code then sends the victim to a fake website designed to gather their login credentials. PHARMING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
57 Pop-up phishing often uses a pop-up about a problem with your computer’s security or some other issue to trick you into clicking. You are then directed to download a file, which ends up being malware, or to call what is supposed to be a support center. POP-UP PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
59 In an evil twin attack, the hacker sets up a false Wi-Fi network that looks real. If someone logs in to it and enters sensitive details, the hacker captures their info. EVIL TWIN PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
61 In a watering hole phishing attack , a hacker figures out a site a group of users tends to visit. They then use it to infect the users’ computers in an attempt to penetrate the network. WATERING HOLE PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
64 A whaling attack is a phishing attack that targets a senior executive. These individuals often have deep access to sensitive areas of the network, so a successful attack can result in access to valuable info. WHALING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
65 A whaling attack may begin with a communication through a method commonly used by both the person being impersonated and the target. This may be email or office texting that uses the internet. When the attack begins, there may be no reason for the target to question the identity of the attacker, as the latter may have the same username as the target's associate. In some cases, the email address may be faked, but it appears real enough to be believable. https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
69 A clone phishing attack involves a hacker making identical copies of a recipient’s message. They may include something like “resending this” and put a malicious link in the email. CLONE PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
71 Deceptive phishers use deceptive technology to pretend they are with a real company to inform the targets they are already experiencing a cyberattack. The users then click on a malicious link, infecting their computer. DECEPTIVE PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
72 deceptive technology is a strategy to attract cybercriminals away from an enterprise's true assets and divert them to a decoy or trap. The decoy mimics legitimate servers, applications, and data so that the criminal is tricked into believing that they have infiltrated and gained access to the enterprise's most important assets when in reality they have not. The strategy is employed to minimize damage and protect an organization's true assets. https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
75 Social engineering attacks pressure someone into revealing sensitive information by manipulating them psychologically. SOCIAL ENGINEERING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
76 Social engineering refers to a wide range of attacks that leverage human interaction and emotions to manipulate the target. During the attack, the victim is fooled into giving away sensitive information or compromising security. A social engineering attack typically takes multiple steps. The attacker will research the potential victim, gathering information about them and how they can use them to bypass security protocols or get information. Then the attacker does something to gain the target’s trust before finally manipulating them into divulging sensitive information or violating security policies. https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
78 Anglers use fake social media posts to get people to provide login info or download malware. ANGLER PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
80 Smishing is phishing through some form of a text message or SMS. SMISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
82 With a man-in-the-middle attack , the hacker gets in “the middle” of two parties and tries to steal information exchanged between them, such as account credentials. MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE (MTM) ATTACKS https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
85 With website spoofing, a hacker creates a fake website that looks legitimate. When you use the site to log in to an account, your info is collected by the attacker. WEBSITE SPOOFING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
88 Domain spoofing, also referred to as DNS spoofing, is when a hacker imitates the domain of a company—either using email or a fake website—to lure people into entering sensitive information. To prevent domain spoofing , you should double-check the source of every link and email. DOMAIN SPOOFING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
91 Image phishing uses images with malicious files in them meant to help a hacker steal your account info or infect your computer. IMAGE PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
94 A search engine phishing attack involves an attacker making fake products that look attractive. When these pop up in a search engine, the target is asked to enter sensitive information before purchasing, which then goes to a hacker. SEARCH ENGINE PHISHING https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
MALWARE ATTACKS 97 Some common types of computer attacks PHISHING ATTACKS PASSWORD ATTACKS WEB ATTACKS PASSWORD ATTACKS
98 A password attack is a type of cyber attack where an attacker attempts to gain unauthorized access to a system or account by guessing or cracking the password used to protect it. What is a Password attack? https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
99 Password attacks are one of the most common forms of corporate and personal data breaches. A password attack is simply when a hacker tries to steal your password. In 2020, 81% of data breaches were due to compromised credentials. Because passwords can only contain so many letters and numbers, passwords are becoming less safe . Hackers know that many passwords are poorly designed, so password attacks will remain a method of attack as long as passwords are being used. https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
100 Phishing is when a hacker posing as a trustworthy party sends you a fraudulent email, hoping you will reveal your personal information voluntarily. Sometimes they lead you to fake "reset your password" screens; other times, the links install malicious code on your device. 1. phishing https://www.onelogin.com/learn/6-types-password-attacks Protect yourself from password attacks with the following information:
102 Man-in-the middle ( MitM ) attacks are when a hacker or compromised system sits in between two uncompromised people or systems and deciphers the information they're passing to each other, including passwords. If Alice and Bob are passing notes in class, but Jeremy has to relay those notes, Jeremy has the opportunity to be the man in the middle. Similarly, in 2017, Equifax removed its apps from the App Store and Google Play store because they were passing sensitive data over insecure channels where hackers could have stolen customer information. 2. Man-in-the-Middle Attack https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
104 If a password is equivalent to using a key to open a door, a brute force attack is using a battering ram. A hacker can try 2.18 trillion password/username combinations in 22 seconds, and if your password is simple, your account could be in the crosshairs. 3. Brute Force Attack https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
106 A type of brute force attack, dictionary attacks rely on our habit of picking "basic" words as our password, the most common of which hackers have collated into "cracking dictionaries." More sophisticated dictionary attacks incorporate words that are personally important to you, like a birthplace, child's name, or pet's name. 4. Dictionary Attack https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
108 If you've suffered a hack in the past, you know that your old passwords were likely leaked onto a disreputable website. Credential stuffing takes advantage of accounts that never had their passwords changed after an account break-in. Hackers will try various combinations of former usernames and passwords, hoping the victim never changed them. 5. Credential Stuffing https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks
110 Keyloggers are a type of malicious software designed to track every keystroke and report it back to a hacker. Typically, a user will download the software believing it to be legitimate, only for it to install a keylogger without notice. 6. Keyloggers https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/types-of-phishing-attacks