INFRARED SENSOR WORKING PRINCIPLE AND CIRCUIT

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM,HARDWARE DISCRIPTION,APPLICATION,COMPONENTS

1. Active Learning Assignment Subject :- BPMT (2130003) Prepared by : KAUSHAL SHAH Topic: INFRARED SENSOR GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

2. TOPICS INTRODUCION WHAT IS IR SENSOR PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION HARDWARE DESCRIPTION CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION PROS AND CONS

3. INTRODUCTION THIS PROJECT AND IT’S CIRCUIT ARE ONE OF THE MOST BASIC AND POPULAR SENSER MODULE .IN ELECTRONICS THIS SENSOR ANALOGOUS TO HUMAN’S VISIONARY SENSES WHICH CAN BE USED TO DETECT AN OBSTACLE, WHICH IS ONE OF IT’S COMMON APPLICATION. IN ROBOTICS, A GROUP OF SUCH MODULES ARE USED SO THAT A ROBOT CAN FOLLOW A LINE PATTERN. BASICALLY SENSOR IS A DEVICE THAT COVERT PHYSICAL QUANTITY INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL THAT CAN BE READ BY OBSERVER OR AN INSTRUMENT.

4. WHAT IS AN IR SENSOR AN IR SENSOR IS AN ELECRONIC INSTRUMENT WHICH IS USED TO SENSE CIRTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF IT’S SURROUNDING BY EITHER EMITTING AND/OR DETECTING IR RADIATION. INFRARED RADIATION IS THE PORTION OF ELECTROMAGNATIC SPECTRUM HAVING WAVELENGTH LONGER THAN VISIBLE BUT SMALLER THAN MICROWAVE THE IR REGION IS ROUGHLY FROM 0.75 UM -1000 UM IR SENSOR WORKS AS A PROXIMITY SENSOR

5. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION IR LED KEEPS TRANSMITTING INFRA RED RAYS UP TO SOME RANGE . WHEN SOME OBJECTS COMES IN THE IN IR RANGE THE IR WAVE HITS THE OBJECT AND COMES BACK AT SOME ANGLE THE PHOTODIODE NEXT TO IR LED DETECTS THAT IR RAYS WHICH GOT REFLECTED FROM THE OBJECT .

6. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 1.LM 358 IC: .IT COMPARES TWO INPUT VOLTAGES AND PRODUCE OUTPUT ACCORDING TO INPUT. SPECIFICATION:- A.SUPPLY VOLTAGE : 3V – 30 V B.OUTPUT CURRENT:40 mA C. PACKAGE : 8 PIN DIP PACKAGE. FEATURES: 1. LARGE DC VOLTAGE GAIN 2. WIDE BANDWIDTH 3. DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE EQUAL TO THE POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE 4.LOW INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE: 2 MILLIVOLT 5.LOW INPUT OFFSET CURRENT : 2 NANO AMP

7. . 2.POWER SUPPLY : 5 VOLT- 10 VOLT’ 3.IR LED : Also known as ir transmitter it usually made of gallium arsenide or indium gallium arsenide It looks like a common led 4.Photodiode: It converts light in to current It operates in reverse bias On/ off time is very less 5.LED 6.Bread board 7.Connecting wire 8.Resistor: 100e 10k 220e 9.Potentiometer: 10k

8. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION THE TRANSMITTER PART OF THE SENSOR PROJECT IS IR LED AND RECEIVER PART IS PHOTO DIODE THE OUTPUT OF THE RECEIVER VARIES DEPENDING UPON ITS RECEPTION OF IR RAYS. THIS OUTPUT IS FED TO THE INPUT OF COMPARATOR . AND THE SECOND INPUT OF COMPARATOR IS FED FROM POTENTIOMETER.

9. APPLICATIONS OBSTACLE DETECTOR IN ROBOTICS BRIGHTNESS COMPARISON DISTANCE MEASUREMENT

10. Pros and cons ADVANTAGES: LOW POWER REQUIREMENT SIMPLE CIRCUITERRY DIRECTION BEAM HIGH NOISE IMMUNITY DISADVANTAGES: LINE OF SIGHT REQUIREMENT BLOCKED BY COMMON OBJECTS SHORT RANGE EASILY AFFECTED BY PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

11. Thank you