INFUSION PUMP.pptx

An infusion pump is a medical device used to deliver fluids, such as nutrients and medications, into a patient's body in controlled amounts. It is commonly used in hospitals, nursing homes, and even at home settings to provide precise and continuous delivery of intravenous (IV) medications, including pain relievers, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and more.

1. INFUSION PUMP MS. SONAM SHARMA ASST. PROFESSOR

2. INTRODUCTION An infusion pump is a medical device that delivers fluids, such as nutrients and medications, into a patient's body in controlled amounts. Infusion pumps are commonly used in clinical settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, and in the home. They are used to administer a variety of fluids, including intravenous (IV) medications, blood transfusions, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Infusion pumps can deliver fluids at precisely programmed rates and volumes, which is critical for therapies that require accurate dosing over specific time periods.

3. DEFINITION Infusion pumps  are devices that are used to deliver therapeutic fluids which can be either medication or nutrients at a predetermined rate.

4. PURPOSE Accurate Medication Delivery Administration of Nutritional Support Continuous Pain Management Chemotherapy Hormone Therapy Antibiotic and Antiviral Therapy Cardiovascular Support

5. USES OF INFUSION PUMP Chemotherapy Pain  management Total parental nutrition Anesthesia/sedation

6. TYPES OF INFUSION  PUMPS

7.   SYRINGE PUMP Use a syringe to deliver small, precise amounts of fluid.

8. VOLUMETRIC PUMP Designed to deliver large volumes of fluid.

9. AMBULATORY PUMPS Portable pumps that allow patients to move around while receiving their medication.

10. Enteral Pumps Specifically used for delivering nutrition directly to the stomach or intestines.

11. Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Pumps Allow patients to administer their own pain relief medication within preset limits.

12. Preparation of a Patient for Infusion Pump Steps for Preparation Patient Assessment: Review the patient’s medical history and current condition. Verify the prescription, including the type of medication, dosage, and infusion rate .

13. Equipment Preparation: Select the appropriate infusion pump based on the medication and required infusion rate. Ensure the pump is functioning correctly and has been properly calibrated. Prepare the medication as per the prescription, ensuring it is at the correct temperature and properly mixed if required. Load the medication into the pump, following the manufacturer’s instructions .

14. Site Selection and Preparation: Choose an appropriate infusion site, typically a vein in the arm or a central line for long-term use. Clean the infusion site with an antiseptic solution to reduce the risk of infection. Allow the antiseptic to dry completely before proceeding.

15. Patient Preparation: Explain the procedure to the patient, addressing any questions or concerns they may have. Ensure the patient is in a comfortable position and has access to a call bell or other communication device. Apply a tourniquet above the selected infusion site if a peripheral vein is being used. Insert the intravenous (IV) catheter or access the central line, following standard sterile techniques. Secure the catheter in place with sterile adhesive tape or a securement device .

16. Infusion Pump Setup: Connect the IV tubing from the pump to the patient's IV catheter. Prime the tubing to remove any air bubbles, which can prevent air embolism. Set the infusion pump to the prescribed rate and volume, double-checking all settings for accuracy. Start the infusion and observe the initial flow to ensure there are no blockages or leaks .

17. Monitoring and Documentation: Monitor the patient’s vital signs and the infusion site regularly for signs of complications, such as infection, infiltration, or phlebitis. Document the start time, medication details, infusion rate, and any observations in the patient’s medical record. Educate the patient on signs and symptoms of potential complications and when to alert the healthcare team .

18. Ongoing Care: Regularly check the infusion pump to ensure it is operating correctly and the medication is being delivered as prescribed. Reassess the patient periodically and adjust the infusion rate if needed, based on their response and medical orders. Change the infusion site as per protocol or if signs of complications are detected .

19. DRUG CALCULATION IN INFUSION PUMPS Basic Formula The primary formula used for calculating the infusion rate is: ​ Infusion Rate (mL/ hr ) = Infusion  Time (hours ) Total  Volume (mL)​ For medication dosages, the calculation might involve determining the flow rate based on the concentration of the drug and the required dose .

20. Steps for Drug Calculation Determine the Dosage Requirement: Prescribed Dose: Understand the prescribed dose from the healthcare provider, typically given in mg/kg/ hr , mcg/min, units/ hr , etc. Patient's Weight: For weight-based dosing, ensure the patient's weight is current and accurate. Convert the Dosage : Units Consistency: Ensure all units are consistent (e.g., mg to mcg, hours to minutes). Volume to be Infused: Calculate the total volume of medication to be infused over a specific time.

21. 3. Calculate the Infusion Rate: Volume/Time: The basic formula is Infusion  Rate (mL/ hr ) = Volume  to be infused (mL ) Time  (hours ) Concentration : When a drug is mixed in a solution, calculate the concentration (e.g., mg/mL).

22. 4. Dosage per Minute or Hour: Flow Rate Conversion: Convert the prescribed dose to the required flow rate. Formula for Infusion Rate: For a dose prescribed in mg/kg/min: Infusion  Rate (mL/ hr ) = Dose  (mg/kg/min)×Weight (kg)×60 ( min/h) Concentration  (mg/mL ) For a dose prescribed in mcg/kg/min: Infusion  Rate ( mL/ hr ) = Dose  (mcg/kg/min)×Weight (kg)×60 (min/ hr ) Concentration  (mcg/mL ) For a dose prescribed in units/ hr : Infusion  Rate (mL/ hr )= Dose  (units/ hr ) Concentration  (units/mL )

23. Example Calculations Example 1: Dopamine Infusion Prescription: Dopamine 5 mcg/kg/min Patient Weight: 70 kg Solution Concentration: Dopamine 400 mg in 250 mL of D5W Concentration Calculation: Concentration = 400,000   mcg = 1600mcg/mL 250   mL   Infusion Rate Calculation: Infusion  Rate (mL/ hr ) = 5  mcg×70  kg×60  min 1600   Infusion  Rate (mL/ hr ) = 21000 =13.125  mL/ hr 1600

24. Example 2: Heparin Infusion Prescription : Heparin 1000 units/ hr Solution Concentration: Heparin 25,000 units in 500 mL of NS Concentration Calculation: Concentration = 25000 units​ =50  units/mL 500  mL  Infusion Rate Calculation: Infusion  Rate (mL/ hr ) = 1000 units/ hr ​ = 20  mL/ hr 50   units/mL

25. Example 3: Insulin Infusion Prescription : Insulin 2 units/ hr Solution Concentration: Insulin 100 units in 100 mL of NS Concentration Calculation: Concentration = 1 00  units​ = 1 units/mL 100  mL  Infusion Rate Calculation: Infusion Rate (mL/ hr ) = 2 units/ hr ​ = 2  mL/ hr 1 units/mL