Inguinoscrotal swellings- a problem oriented approach
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40 slides
Dec 05, 2014
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About This Presentation
Inguinoscrotal swellings are common surgical problem. All surgeons should know how to diagnose and manage all these conditions.
Size: 5.75 MB
Language: en
Added: Dec 05, 2014
Slides: 40 pages
Slide Content
INGUINOSCROTAL SWELLINGS
A PROBLEM ORIENTED APPROACH
INGUINOSCROTAL SWELLINGS
Dr.B.SELVARAJ MS;Mch;FICS; ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN PEDIATRIC SURGERY PONDICHERRY INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES PONDICHERRY- 605014; INDIA
A PROBLEM ORIENTED APPROACH
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INGUINOSCROTAL SWELLINGS
A PROBLEM ORIENTED APPROACH
Appropriate surgical referral
Recognise various conditions
Clinch correct diagnosis
Appropriate investigations Appropriate early treatment
OBJECTIVES
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INGUINAL HERNIA
Persistent patent Processus Vaginalis- always indirect Male:Female ratio 9:1 Peak incidence in 1
st
year of life-common in premies Rt side- 60% Lt side-25% Bilateral-15%
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INGUINAL HERNIA
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Inguinal swelling when baby cries Silk glove sign+ Simple herniaI reducible Obstructed herniaI Not reducible Strangulated herniaI Tense & Tender Bilious vomiting in obstructed & strangulated hern ia
INGUINAL HERNIA
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INGUINAL HERNIA- Complications
Incarceration – Premature Neonates<1yr 50% In huge hernia – Testicular atrophy in boys -- Ovarian atrophy in girls -- Mature Neonates < 1yr 30% -- Mature Neonates > 1yr 15% Strangulation -- Gangrenous bowel +
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INGUINAL HERNIA
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INGUINAL HERNIA
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Operative
Management
Inguinal skin crease incision
Incise External oblique aponeurosis and
extend into superficial ring
Dissect off hernial sac from cord
structures
High ligation of sac IIIIHerniotomy
Close wound in layers
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INGUINAL HERNIA- Operative
Management
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INGUINAL HERNIA- Operative
Management
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INGUINAL HERNIA-
Postop complications
Injury to Vas deferens & vessels Testicular atrophy due to testicular artery injury Recurrence due to failure of high ligation Wound infection in obstructed & strangulated hernia Hydrocele when distal hernial sac around testis hasn’t been
left open
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HYDROCELE
Peritoneal fluid collection in processus vaginalis Diurnal variation in size Positive fluctuation & Transillumination Regression & spontaneous closure of processus vaginalis
by 1 to 1.5 yrs
Get above the swelling+ve Traction test +ve in Encysted Hydrocele Huge Hydrocele IPressure atrophy of Testis
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HERNIA&HYDROCELE-Types
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HYDROCELE
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HYDROCELE- Operation
High ligation of processus vaginalis-
Herniotomy
In Encysted Hydrocele in addition incise
and evacuate fluid; Don’t close incision
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TORSION TESTIS
Twisting of TestisI StrangulationINecrosis Common in Neonates & at puberty Affects Left side more An Undescended Testis undergoes torsion frequently Swollen hemiscrotum with edema & erythema Tender Testis Cremasteric reflex- Absent
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TORSION TESTIS-TYPES
In Neonates In Adolescents Very rare
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Bell clapper
Deformity
TORSION TESTIS
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TORSION TESTIS-
Differential Diagnosis
Epididymo
orchitis
Incarcerated
Hernia
Idiopathic
scrotal edema
Hydrocele
Torsion of
Testicular
Appendages
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TORSION TESTIS-
Doppler Study
Central testicular blood
flowI Normal Testis
No Central testicular blood
flow but excessive peripheral
blood flow
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TORSION TESTIS-Management
Ipsilateral sideIExploration,Detorsion and Fixation
orchiopexy
Contralateral sideI Exploration and Fixation
orchiopexy
In doubtful cases & Nonavailability of Doppler scan I
Better to explore rather than delay treatment
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Torsion of Testicular Appendages
Hydatid of testis & epididymisIRemnant of obliterated
Mullerian ducts
Sudden Swelling and redness of hemiscrotum Tender Testis ‘Bluedot sign’ +ve Cremastric reflex intact
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Testicular Appendages
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Torsion of Testicular Appendages
Bluedot sign
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Explore & Excise torsed appendages In delayed cases >48 hrs
conservative treatment with
antibiotics
Torsion of Testicular Appendages
Management
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EPIDIDYMOORCHITIS
Inflammation of epididymis & Testis due to infection or trauma Sudden onset of pain in a hemiscrotum Commonly associated with UTI Thickened & Tender epididymis Pain relief by elevation of hemiscrotum I Prehn’s sign Can be treated conservatively with antibiotics and
antiinflammatory drugs
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EPIDIDYMOORCHITIS
USG Scrotum Thickened Epididymis Reactive Hydrocele Thick Scrotal wall Doppler Scan Excessive blood flow to Epididymis Normal Testicular parenchymal blood flow
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TESTICULAR TUMORS
Account for 1% of all pediatric malignant tumors Most are germinal in origin & Malignant Present before the age of 3 yrs Endodermal sinus tumorI Commonest malignant tumor TeratomaICommonest benign tumor RhabdomyosarcomaI Arise from paratesticular tissues
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TESTICULAR TUMORS
Present with painless hard testicular swelling Scrotal skin is usually free Estimation of Alfa-feto-protein & Human chorionic
gonadotrophin- Tumor markers
Needle biopsy- contraindicated High orchidectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissecti on Pot op Radiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy
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INGUINAL LYMPHADENITIS
Look for any primary focus of infection or neoplasi a
in drainage area – from umbilicus to toes
Most are due to reactive hyperplasia and responds
to antibiotics
Some may be due to Koch’s or Lymphoma In persistent cases always do Excisional Biopsy
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