Inland fishery in the worlld

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1. STATUS AND REVIEW OF INLAND FISHERY IN THE WORLD Chhoto kisku Submitted to Dept of F.R.M

2. INTRODUCTION: Inland waters are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as lakes, rivers, streams, canals, reservoirs, and other land-locked waters. While inland is generally synonymous with freshwater, inland waters include land-locked saline water bodies such as the Caspian Sea. Inland waters comprise approximately 0.01% of the total volume of water on earth, Inland fishes reside in these waters. They comprise approximately 40% of all fish species and 20% of all vertebrate species. Additionally, 65% of inland habitat is classified as moderately or highly threatened by anthropogenic stressors so populations may be extirpated even before they are documented.

3. Inland fishery? Based on fishing places there are two types of fishery, 1)Marine fishery 2) Inland fishery Normally when we fished in the ocean we call it offshore fishery or marine fishery. The word inland generally refers to the place inside part of a country. When we fished in any lake or river of the country it calls inland fishing.

4. Method of Inland fishery: Inland fisheries  are the commercial fishing  operations taking place in freshwater. Its mainly two types, 1) Capture Fishery 2) Culture Fishery The capture fishery is that where the  fish  living naturally in a body of water and no special management are taking place. From there fishes are harvested. Example, Large reservoir, River etc. The other type of fishery is culture fishery where  fish are raised in tanks or ponds, lake, jhil, etc with the special management, and their growth rate and production is high.

5. Types of inland fisheries : Fisheries are divide based on the aim of production, culture methods, place where cultured etc . Inland fisheries includes, Commercial and industrial fisheries, Small-scale fisheries and, Recreational fisheries. Each and every types of fishery are takes important role with of economic and social development.

6. State-wise marine fish landings in India 2017

7. State wise Inland fish production in India 2016-2017 SL NO. State tonnes 1 Andhra Pradesh 1489.03 2 West Bengal 1438.47 3 UP 494.27 4 Bihar 479.80 5 Odisha 306.65

8. Fishery Resources Of India: The river system of the country comprises 14 major rivers (catchments >20,000 km2), 44 medium rivers (catchments 2,000 to 20,000 km2) and several small rivers and desert streams (catchments area <2,000 km2). There are others resources which enlisted below , Inland Resources: River =29000km Fresh Water Pond= 2 2,54, 000 ha Reservoirs= 3 1,53 ,366 ha Lakes= 2,02, 213 ha Swamps and wetlands= 1 0,97 ,787 ha Marine Resources: Indian coast line=8129 km EEZ=2.02 million km2 C. Shelf=0.53 million km2 Inshore area=0.18 million km2 Brackish water aquaculture= 1.24 million ha

9. Fresh water fish: Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%. This fish needs various physiological adaptations to keep their bodies’ ion concentration balanced. Freshwater fishes comprise 41% of known fish species . Important Inland Fishes With Country wise: India= Rohu, China=Silver carp Bangladesh= Catla America= Tilapia

10. Leading Country of Fish Culture: Sustainable, productive  fisheries  and aquaculture improve food and nutrition security, increase income and improve livelihoods, promote economic growth and protect our environment and natural resources.  There are some Inland fish culture country in 2016- Inland fish culture countries with rank wise 2016 Country production in million tones China= 2318046 tones India= 1462063 tones Bangladesh= 1048242 tones Myanmar= 886780 tones Cambodia= 509350 tones Indonesia= 432475 tones Uganda= 389244 tones Nigeria = 377632 tones USA= 312039 tones Russian Federation= 292828 tones

11. Marine Fish production leading countries: There are so many countries which economy and employment mainly depend on marine fish production and fish related activities. Among them the most fish production country are enlist below Country Fish production in tones in 2016 China 15246234 tones Indonesia 6109783 tones USA 4897322 tones Russian Federation 4466503 tones Peru 3774887 tones India 3599693 tones Japan 3167610 tones Vietnam 2678406 tones Norway 2033560 tones Philippines 1865213 tones

12. Major Inland fishing area in the World:- 8 major regions rank wise 01-AFRICA 02-NORTH AMERICA 03-SOUTH AMERICA 04-ASIA 05-EUROPE 06-OCEANIA 07-FORMER USSR 08-ANTARTICA

13. RIVERS OF THE WORLD: River provide a source of drinking water, food to fertilize lands and way to transport goods from place to place.  Rivers  also provide an important  habitat for wildlife. There are 165 important river in world. Total length of world river- 26,9000km. Total length of Indian river-29000km Largest number of river in South America. Least number of river in Oceania. Important rivers of the world, Nile 6,853km, Amazon-6,992km, Yang tse-6,300km, yellow river-5,464km and Ganga river- 2,525km,

14. RESERVOIRS OF THE WORLD: A  reservoir  is an artificial lake where water is stored, People build reservoirs  because the amount of water in a river varies over time. Lake Volta which is the world’s biggest reservoir by surface area. It is minimum range should be 2.5 acres More than 5,15,149 numbers reservoirs in world. The area of world reservoir 258570 sq.km Area of Indian reservoir is 3.15 million ha. Area wise Asia stands first followed by north America. Asia - 65% by number and 31% by volume. Average production of reservoirs 20kg/ hectre /year. Catfishes, perch are more culture in reservoir.

15. FLOODPLAIN WETLAND: The floodplain wetlands are considered as biologically sensitive habitats as they play a vital role in the recruitment of fish populations in the riverine ecosystems and provide nursery grounds for commercially important fishes. They are extremely rich in plant nutrients. Pantanal is largest wetland in world. Contributes about 4 million ha floodplain wetland in world. In India, Government has identified 0.2 million ha of floodplain wetland area. Its comprise mainly catfish or air breathing fishes. Crabs, Crocodiles, Turtles etc also found in wetland.

16. MAJOR SPECIES FOUND IN INLAND WATER IN WORLD:- Africa - Nile perch, tilapia, grass carp, African cat fish, mullet. North America - Tilapia, common carp, white fish, cat fish, river prawn, Cray fish. South America - Members of characins and cat fishes, rainbow trout, tilapia, river prawn. Asia - Common carp, silver carp, barbs, tilapia, mullets, river prawns. Europe - Fresh water breams, pikes, salmons, spats, Cray fishes. Oceania - Tilapia, river eels, cat fishes, giant perches.

17. Fish consumption average(kg/capita )2016 Africa- 10.1 kg/capita/yr Asia- 17.9 kg/capita/yr Europe- 22.2 kg/capita/yr North America- 24.3 kg/capita/yr Oceania- 31.2 kg/capita/yr Among them china is highest consumption country 31.9kg/capita/yr and India about 20.5kf/capita/yr and per capita inland fish consumption 9.3kg.

18. TRENDS IN GLOBAL INLAND FISH PRODUCTION Trend of fish production is gradually increase day by day in inland sector. But marine sector there is no gradually increase trend. World fisheries and aquaculture production (million tones ) year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Inland 10.7 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.6 Marine 81.5 78.5 79.4 79.9 81.2 79.3 Total capture 92.2 89.5 90.6 91.2 92.7 90.9

19. Different species catch in inland water with percentage world.

20. Significance of inland fisheries in the human diet: Inland fisheries provide food for billions and livelihood for millions of people worldwide,  and nutritional resources, especially rural economies in developing countries. However, it is still the sixth major supplier of animal protein globally. It addressing “hidden hunger” as micronutrient deficiencies and their related health issues. Over 90% of global inland capture fisheries production is used for human consumption. Fish curry Fish fingers Fish cutlets Fish duglere

21. The Economic Important Of Fishes: Fishery is most important in economic sector as it help the financial condition of the country. There are so many items made from fishes and fish products which help to increase national and global GDP. Few items below, Fish as a human food. Fish as a cattle food. Fish manure. Fish oil. Fish glue. Isinglass. Fish skin and leather. Fish fin. Fish medicine. Sports and recreation. Fancy articles. Scientific study. Industrial. Indian total fishery 1.1% GDP Contribution of world production 6.3% Global income from fishery sector is about 33,441.6 crore per year. Indian Inland 0.92%GDP

22. Others importance of Inland fishes : Employments. Empowerment. Society. Culture Services. Recreational Services. Human health and well being. Knowledge transfer and capacity building. The Environment. Ecosystem function and Biodiversity. Aquatic carries (   good indicators of ecosystem change) Green food. ( sustainably harvested )

23. PROBLEMS OF INLAND FISHERIES RESOURSES :- Problems are mainly natural and man made causes, Man made Natural Pollution Construction Over fishing Poison Lack of rain Eutrophication . In remote rural areas, fishery management, monitoring and reporting are difficult and often non-existent. Fishing sites geographically scattered. Making gathering information very difficult. Habitat loss and degradation, water abstraction, drainage of wetlands and Urban area we cant control the pollution due to industries.

24. Management measure : Inland fishery management is not so easy as it sources mainly in rural area and most of industry build up near the river. The pressure of population in developing country harm the resources and fishes also. So if we protect the resources we have to take several steps, these are Evaluation of the social and institutional context of a fishery. Resource mapping. Stock assessment. Catch assessment. Sampling. Types of fishing regime. Fishing technology. Social and policy implications of fishing technology. Seasonality of fishing. Protection of water quality. Control and use of vegetation. Rehabilitation of lakes and reservoirs. National legislation. Regional legislation. Monitoring.

25. Conclusion At present, inland fisheries are not often a national or regional governance priority and as a result, inland capture fisheries are undervalued and largely overlooked. As such they are threatened in both developing and developed countries. Indeed, due to lack of reliable data, inland fisheries have never been part of any high profile global fisheries assessment and are notably absent from the Sustainable Development Goals. The general public and policy makers are largely ignorant of the plight of freshwater ecosystems and the fish they support, as well as the ecosystem services generated by inland fisheries.

26. REFERENCE • STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2010;FAO PUBLICATION • SOFIA 2016;FAO PUBLICATION. • INLAND FISHERIES –COURSE MANNUAL,PUBLISHED BY FISHERIES COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE. www.wikipedia.com

27. Thanks you