Insect- Pests Damage and their control measures of Ber ppt.pptx

Insect pest of ber

1. SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: DR. TEJPAL SINGH BISHT ANSHIKA SINGH B.Sc. Horticulture V Sem INSECT-PESTS OF BER

2. BER COMMON NAME: Ber SCIENTIFIC NAME: Ziziphus mauritiana FAMILY: Rhamnaceae CHROMOSOME NO. : 2n= 48 TYPE OF FRUIT: Drupe EDIBLE PART: Epicarp and Mesocarp

3. MAJOR INSECT-PESTS OF BER Ber Fruit fly Ber Fruit borer Ber Butterfly Termite Ber Stone Weevil Lac Insect Bark Eating Caterpillar

4. 1. Ber fruit fly ( Carpomyia vesuviana )

5. Nature of Damage: The maggots start infestation with the onset of fruit setting. The fly lays eggs singly in the young developing fruits. After 2 to 5 days the newly hatched maggot’s starts feeding on the pulp and make galleries with accumulated excreta and result in rotting of fruits. The larva burrow the flesh round the centre leaving excreta that give fruits a bitter taste. In arid region, the infestation starts from end of September and the higher incidence is during December-January.

6. Control Measures: Incorporate lindane 1.3 % or chlorphyriphos 0.4 % dust 40 kg / hectare to the soil under the tree or near the trees to reduce the fruit fly incidence. Cultivate fruit fly resistant varieties such as Safeda Illaichi , Chinese, Sanaur-1, Tikadi and Umran . Collect and destroy fallen and infested fruits by dumping in a pit and covering with a thick layer of soil or incorporate lindane 1.3 D 30 g/tree. Use methyl eugenol lure trap (25/ha) to monitor and kill adults of fruit flies or prepare methyl engenol and malathion 50 EC mixture at 1:1 ratio and take 10 ml mixture/trap. Use polythene bags fish meal trap with 5 g of wet fish meal + one ml dichlorvos soaked in cotton at 50 traps / ha. Fish meal and dichlorvos soaked cotton should be renewed once in 20 and 7 d respectively. Use bait spray combining molasses or jaggery 10 g/ 1 and one of the insecticides, fenthion 100 EC 1 ml/1, malathion 50 EC 2 ml/1, dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/1, carbaryl 50 WP 4g/1, two rounds at fortnight interval before ripening of the fruits. Spray malathion 50 EC 2 ml/1 or dimethoate 30 EC 2 ml/1 or dichlorvos 0.1% at the time of flower formation and fruit set.

7. 2. Ber fruit borer ( Meridarchis scyrodes ) Nature of Damage: The larva bores into the fruit feeding on the pulp and accumulating faecal frass within. Up to 40% of the fruits are damaged during July and August.

8. Control measures: Collect and destroy damaged fruits. Spray malathion 2 ml/1 or dimethoate 1.5 ml /1 at the time of fruit set, two rounds at 15 days interval.

9. 3. Ber butterfly ( Tarucus theophrastus )

10. Nature of Damage: The ber trees are always severely pruned during May-June and the newly sprouting tender shoots and leaves are attacked by ber butterfly. Due to its attack, the leaves dry up and tender shoots do not grow properly. Larvae feed on sprouting tender shoots, leaves and flower buds. Infested leaves gives whitish look due to feeding of chlorophyll and finally the leaves remain with long streaks. Control Measures: Remove the infested leaves from the plant.

11. 4. Termite ( Odontotermes obesus )

12. Nature of damage: Termites attack wheat and barley from the time of sowing onwards and the damage is severe in sandy and sandy-loam soils. lt cannot thrive under conditions of bad aeration and poor drainage. The damage may vary from 40 - 50%. The internal part of plants are eaten away up to 1-2 feet height of stem and filled with earth. Termites also appear and cause havoc in orchards that have been raised on virgin lands. The damage is more severe in nurseries and young newly planted orchards where the entire seedlings or saplings may dry and die away.

13. Control Measures: Cultural control: Regular field monitoring & use sweep net in the morning hrs for monitoring of pest & defender population, barrier crops like mustard crop around the field. Grow attractant plants like French bean Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or millet to reduce pest population. Biological control: Follow common biological practices. Plant tall border crops such as maize, sorghum etc. as barrier crops

14. 5. Ber stone weevil ( Aubeus himalayanus )

15. Nature of Damage: When damaged fruits are cut open, the developing seed is completely eaten away by the pest. In the hollowed area, each of these fruits have a grub, a pupa or an adult which is identified as ber seed weevil. The infested fruits are round in shape and varied in size ranging from pea to pebble. The fruits do not attain maturity and never increase in size more than pebble.

16. Control Measures: The pest feeds only on the seed portion of developing fruits and arrest further development of attacked fruit. The entry hole is healed up and closed while the exit hole can be clearly seen. Collection and destruction of adult weevil immediately after detection can also reduce the population. Infested dropped fruits should be collected and burned to break the generation cycle. Application of spinosad 2.5 SC found to give significant reduction in weevil incidence and indoxacarb 14.5 EC, NSKE 5% and azadirachtin 2000 and 1000 ppm also found to be superior over control treatment in minimizing the weevil incidence.

17. 6. Lac Insect: Kerria  (= Laccifer  )  lacca  Kerr. Nature of Damage: Both nymphs and adults desap the twigs. Control Measures: Collect and burn affected branches after pruning Spray methyl demeton 25 EC 1 ml/1.

18. 7. Bark eating caterpillar ( Indarbela quadrinotata )

19. Nature of Damage: The freshly hatched larvae feed on the surface of tree trunks. It makes winding galleries of frassy web on the stem near the forks and angles of branches. When strong enough, they bore inside the trunks and move about inside the concealed silken gallery and feed on the bark by scraping which interrupts the translocation of cell sap and adversely affecting growth and fruit setting capacity of the tree. Ribbon like or pipe like webbings on the stem near forks or angles of branches and the tree trunk is the clear indication of its damage. The caterpillar is hidden-in the stem in the day-time and becomes active at night, eating the bark. Heavy infestation by this pest stunts the trees and adversely affects fruit yield.

20. Control Measures: Remove frassy galleries and paint the bark. Application of the solution, made up by mixing 1 lit of kerosene and 100 g soap in 9 lit of water to the holes effectively controls the bark eating caterpillar. Alternatively, each hole should be filled with a solution of 2 ml monocrotophos or 20 ml trichlorphon 50 EC or 30 ml endosulfan 35 EC in 10 L of water and then the holes closed with mud.

21. REFERENCES Book: Fruit Growing by DR. J.S. BAL Ph.D. (Hort.) Kalyani Publishers ecourses.icar.gov.in vikaspedia.in

22. THANK YOU