Insulin / Recombinant DNA Technique / Peptide Hormone

This pdf is about the Insulin / Recombinant DNA Technique / Peptide Hormone.

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1. selfexplanatory.2022
HelloHI
नमस्ते
ْم
ُ
كْيالاع ُمالََّسلا
َِّللَّٱ ُةامْحاراو
ُهُتاكاراباو
Saba Parvin Haque
M.Sc. Life Sciences
(Specialization in Neurobiology)
from “Sophia College”
(Autonomous), Mumbai.

2. INSULIN

3. HISTORY OF INSULIN
In 1869 - Paul Langerhans.
In 1921 - Banting & Best
Discovered.
In January 1922 -14 Year-old
Leonard Thompson.
1923 - Received Nobel Prize.
Mid1950s - Chemical Structure Of
Insulin.
1978 - First Genetically
Engineered Synthetic Human Insulin.
In 1982 - Eli Lilly Corporation
Company.
Charles H. Best
Frederick G. Banting
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/sgiCrkQwrXKxFL1CA

4. WHAT IS INSULIN?
α-cells: Glucagon
β-cells: Insulin
δ-cell: Somatostatin
Source: https://www.muhadharaty.com/files/lectures/014/file14261.pdf_d/file14261001.jpg Source: https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQdxPcrRxT ehOJ0r1ZkkcfiFRPLHBzKf0z-gUdw3p1K9fE1dce-

5. STRUCTURE OF INSULIN
(inactive form) 24AA 35AA (active form)
Preproinsulin-------------Proinsulin------------Insulin
(110AA) (86AA) C chain
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/uhaD59weUkahzrdV7
•Insulin was synthesized firstly in the form of preproinsulin. This insulin is
110 amino acid chain. It will convert to form proinsulin. In preproinsulin
24 amino acid detected after that it is synthesizing in 86 Amino Acid
chain. Now this proinsulin will again change and form insulin. So,
proinsulin remove 35 Amino Acid (they are known as C Chain).
•Insulin is a protein comprising of 2 polypeptide chains:
•A chain: contains 21 AA (Amino Acids).
•B chain: contains 30 AA (Amino Acids).
•Both the chain are joined by disulphide chain.

6. SECRETION AND ACTION OF INSULIN
1.Stimulate the glucose transport
across cell membrane.
2.Promote lipogenesis & protein
synthesis.
3.Inhibits Glycogenalysis,
Gluconeognesis, Retogenesis,
Proteolysis, & lypolysis .
4.Promote peripheral utilization of
glucose, Glycolysis,
Glucogenesis.

7. DIABETES: THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF DIABETES;
TYPE 1 OR JUVENILE-ONSET DIABETES & TYPE 2 DIABETES
Types of insulin: Four main types
Name
Onset of
Action
Peaks
Action
Effective duration of
Action
Rapid-Acting Insulin 15 min
30-90 min
Last for 5 hours
Short-Acting Insulin 30 min 2-4 hours 4-8 hours
Intermediate-Acting
Insulin
2-6 hours 4-14 hours 14-20 hours
Long-Acting Insulin6-14 hours Small 20-24 hours

8. Plasmid Bacterial chromosome
Plasmid free
E.coli cell
Restriction
endonucleases
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant cell
Culturing
Insulin
Human cell
Insulin gene
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNIQUE

9. APPLICATION
❑Insulin in the treatment of diabetes.
❑Insulin on wound healing.
❑Insulin for body building.
❑Insulin as antiaging agent.
❑Insulin for cell culture an organ preservation.
❑Diagnostic use of insulin.
❑Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion.
❑Insulin for septic shock.
❑Role of insulin in cancer treatment.
❑Insulin for calcium channel blockers and β-blocker overdoses.

10. REFERENCES
❑Benni, J. & Patil, P. (2016). Non-diabetic clinical applications of insulin. Journal of Basic and
Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 27(5), 445-456. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-
2015-0101
❑Joshi, S. R., Parikh, R. M., & Das, A. K. (2007). Insulin--history, biochemistry, physiology and
pharmacology. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 55 Suppl, 19–25.
❑https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-1-diabetes/what-insulin
❑https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/overview#1

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