Intellectual-Revolution.pdfvbssbsbsbnsnd

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1. INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTION AND
SOCIETY
Menrose J. Bolalin
Instructor

2. OBJECTIVES
●identify the intellectual revolutions that
shaped society across time
●explain how intellectual revolutions
transformed the views of society about
dominant scientific thought;
●research on other intellectual revolutions that
advance modern science and scientific thinking

3. Introduction
●Thissectionreviewstheintellectualrevolutions
thatchangedthewaypeopleperceivethe
influenceofscienceonsocietyingeneral.It
focusesonthreeofthemostimportant
intellectualrevolutionsinhistory:Copernican,
Darwinian,andFreudian.Bydiscussingthese
intellectualrevolutionsinthecontextof
science,technology,andsociety,theattention
ofstudentsaredrawnagaintowardthecomplex
interplayofthevarioussocialcontextsandthe
developmentofmodernscience.

4. Claudius Ptolemy
➢Famous greek
philosopher and
astronomer
➢Statedthatthesunand
moonmovedinacircular
motionaroundtheEarth.

5. Geocentric Model

6. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
The Copernican Revolution refers
to the 16th-century paradigm
shift named after the Polish
mathematician and astronomer,
Nicolaus Copernicus

7. Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer who proposed that theplanetshave theSunas the fixed point to
which their motions are to be referred; thatEarthis a planet which, besides orbiting
the Sun annually, also turns once daily on its ownaxis; and that very slow long-term
changes in the direction of this axis account for theprecession of the equinoxes
01

8. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
CopernicusrepositionedtheEarth
fromthecenteroftheSolar
Systemandintroducedtheidea
thattheEarthrotatesonitsown
axis.Themodelillustratedthe
Earth,alongwithotherheavenly
bodies,toberotatingaroundthe
Sun.

9. Copernican
Revolution
➢Copernicusintroduced
theheliocentricmodelin
a40pageoutlineentitled
Commentariolu
➢Inhismodel,Copernicus
repositionedtheEarth
fromthecenterofthe
SolarSystem and
introducedtheideathat
theEarthrotatesonits
ownaxis.Themodel
illustratedtheEarth,
alongwithotherheavenly
bodies,toberotating
aroundtheSun.

10. Copernican
Revolution
➢Thecontributionofthe
CopernicanRevolutionisfar-
reachingItservedasa
catalysttoswayscientific
thinkingawayfromagelong
viewsaboutthepositionof
theEarthrelativetoan
enlightenedunderstanding
oftheuniverse.

11. 02
Who is this?

12. Charles Darwin
was a creationist and a trained
naturalist and geologist. During an
ocean voyage in the 1830s, Darwin’s
observations of animal and plant life
among the Galapagos Islands led him
to develop his theory of evolution.
01

13. DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
The Darwinian Revolution benefitted from
earlier intellectual revolutions especially
those in the 16th and 17th centuries, such
that it was guided by confidence in human
reason's ability to explain phenomena in the
universe.
The place of the Darwinian Revolution in modern
science cannot be underestimated. Through the
Darwinian Revolution, the development of
organisms and the originof unique forms of life
and humanity could be rationalized by a lawful
system or an orderly process of change
underpinned by laws of nature.

14. The beak of an ancestral species of Finches found in the Galapagos had evolved to be
able to survive in acquiring different food sources.

15. What are the
Microevolution processes?

32. SIGMUND FREUD
Freud may justly be called the most
influentialintellectuallegislator of his age. His creation of
psychoanalysis was at once a theory of the human psyche,
atherapyfor the relief of its ills, and an optic for the
interpretation ofcultureand society.
03

33. •Psychoanalysis as a school of thought in psychology
is at the center of this revolution Freud developed
psychoanalysis scientific method of understanding
inner and unconscious conflict embedded with one’s
personality.
•Psychoanalytic concepts of psychosexual
development, libido, and ego were met with both
support and resistance from many scholars. Freud
suggested that humans are inherently pleasure-
seeking individuals.
Freudian Revolution

36. Objectives of the study
ID
The id is the most basic part of the
personality. It also represents our
most animalistic urges, like the
desire for food and sex. The id seeks
instant gratification for our wants
and needs. If these needs or wants
are not met, a person can become
tense, anxious, or angry.
EGO
The ego deals with reality, trying to
meet the desires of the id in a way that
is socially acceptable in the world. This
may mean delaying gratification and
helping to get rid of the tension the id
feels if a desire is not met right away.
The ego recognizes that other people
have needs and wants too, and being
selfish isn't good in the long run.
SUPER EGO
The superego develops last, and is
based onmorals and judgmentsabout
right and wrong. Even though the
superego and the ego may reach the
same decision about something, the
superego's reason for that decision is
based more on moral values, while the
ego's decision is based more on what
others will think or what the
consequences of an action could be on
the individual.

38. References:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicolaus-Copernicus
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgetittogetherjay.weebly.com%2Ffreu
d-and-the-neo-
freudians.html&psig=AOvVaw11ooDlnZ8EIlksHUf5YeqE&ust=1675087410317000&source=i
mages&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCOidmNz47PwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABA2
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-psychoanalysis-2795246

39. Any Question?

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