Intellectual Revolutions

Intellectual revolutions showed how society was transformed by science and technology

1. Intellectual Revolutions By Prof. Liwayway Memije -Cruz

2. What is intellectual revolution? refer to Greek speculation about the "nature" in the period before Socrates (roughly 600 to 400 BCE). "pre Socratic" or "non-theological" or "first philosophy". – more on physics and logic showed how society was transformed by science and technology

3. Questions: What created day and night? What heavenly bodies are like stars, moons and planets are? What was actually out there at the outer space?

4. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

5. Claudius Ptolemy Famous Greek philosopher and astronomer. Stated that the planets, the sun and the moon moved in a circular motion around the earth – existence of days and nights

6. Geocentrism / Geocentric Model a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center. Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbited Earth.

7. Nicholas Copernic us Revolutionary astronomer A Polish mathematician and astronomer. developed his model of a Sun-centered universe. explained the daily and yearly motion of the sun and stars in the universe

8. Heliocentrism / Heliocentric Model The center of the solar system is not the Earth but actually the sun Started the birth of modern astronomy/ scientific revolution/ transformation of society’s thoughts and beliefs

9. DARWINIAN REVOLUTION (one of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time)

10. Charles Darwin An English naturalist, biologist and geologist. all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers -- all related. Published his book, O n the Origin of Species . complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time

11. Theory of Evolution Populations pass through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive. Organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and would gradually changed into something that would be more competitive to survive - evolution

12. FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

13. Sigmund Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior .

14. Freud’s Theory emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three conflicting elements : the id, the ego, and the superego.

15. Questions for Reflection: Why do you think were most intellectual ideas controversial? Why did the people accept these new discoveries despite being contradictoryto what was widely accepted at that time? How do intellectual revolutions transform societies?

16. References: https ://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-psychology/chapter/psychodynamic-perspectives-on-personality / https:// www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/scholarsandscientists/nicholas-copernicus.html https:// www.britannica.com/science/geocentric-system https://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com /