IntellectualFreedomPowerPointPresentation.pptx

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1. The ALA and Intellectual Freedom

2. What is Intellectual Freedom Intellectual Freedom is the right to think for yourself It is a combination of Freedom of Speech and Access of Information because Freedom of Speech is meaningless without access to information It is a concept that developed from important legal and social values derived from Freedom of Speech, Freedom of the Press, and Access to Information “More than the liberty to speak without fear of reprisal, intellectual freedom encompasses a respect for autonomy and dignity of the individually and their right to think independently and form their own ideas and opinions through free and open inquiry”[hirsh page 472]

3. Intellectual Freedom and LIS Intellectual Freedom is a foundational value for the Information Science professions Many o

4. History of ALA and Intellectual Freedom The ALA did not adopt Intellectual Freedom as core principles until the 1930s Before that, the ALA saw its role as a moral authority and encouraged its patrons to read books that met their standard Censorship was an accepted part of a librarian’s role During WW1 public libraries removed German Language materials

5. History of ALA and Intellectual Freedom Events of the 1930s pushed librarians to fight against censorship Smoot-Harley Tariff Act of 1930 raised tariffs to protect american farmers against agriculture from over seas Section 305 prohibited the importation of foreign books and materials that were deemed immoral “Executive Board of the ALA opposed section 305 ‘on the grounds that this clause creates an effective censorship over foreign literature’ such as works of modern economic and accounts of foreign revolutionaries”pg 45 Was one of the first of several comments against censorship and about intellectual freedom Smoot-Harley Tariff Act started to unify librarians against censorship

6. The Enlightenment The concept of intellectual freedom developed during the European Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a movement that developed a set of philosophical and political principles in 18th century, especially in france, england, and America. Took place during 17th and 18th century especially in France, England, and America. “These principles emphasize debate, skepticism, a spirit of openness, and the now conventional idea that ones own judgement can, and should be relied on”[Pg 12]

7. The Enlightenment At the time of the Enlightenment, Freedom of Speech was more restricted Freedom of Speech was not protected by The English Bill of Rights [] Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and John Locke argued for the right of political dissent The American and French revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment

8. Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke Voltaire John Stuart Mills

9. The French Revolution

10. French Revolution’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Adopted in 1789 Important document from French Revolution “Implementation of Enlightenment Values”[pg 14] Advocated for Freedom of Speech: Provision 11 states: “The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as is defined by law”[page 14] Influenced the American Constitution

11. American Constitution Adopted in 1791 Amendments that influenced the concept of Intellectual Freedom that we understand today Amendment 1 states “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” The First Amendment of the Bill of Rights legally protects the rights associated with intellectual freedom including Freedom of Speech, Freedom of the Press, and the Right to Assemble [Hirsh 473] Amendment 14 “extended these rights to the states and their agencies including publicly supported libraries”[page 15]

12. The Supreme Court And Rights Stemming From First Amendment Preceding Supreme Court Cases have defined rights that stem from the First Amendment because without them First Amendment Rights would not be protected Right to Receive Information Supreme court cases such as Martin V. Struthers stated that the Right to Receive Information is legally protected by the First Amendment because “If the right to speak and disseminate ideas is to have any meaning, there must be an associated right for others to hear or read those idea”[Hirsh 473] Right to Privacy Supreme Court Cases also uphold the Right to Privacy as a right that protects the First Amendment because without it, people are not safe to exercise their rights [Hirsh 474]

13. United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights Adopted in 1948 by United Nations General Assembly [Hirsh page 472] Article 12, 18, 19, 2 grant rights important for the concept of Intellectual Freedom such as the Right to Privacy, Freedom of Thought, Freedom of Expression, Right to Assemble This states that these rights should be internationally protected