Intelligence content for applied psychology

Applied psychology in nursing

1. Intelligence Designed to reveal some of the characteristic patterns of personality like attitudes, interests, underlying thought processes, emotional states, or behavior patterns etc.

2. Personality Tests Designed to reveal some of the characteristic patterns of personality like attitudes, interests, underlying thought processes, emotional states, or behavior patterns etc.

3. Aims for typicality, for a representative picture of individuals as they usually are Objective is to measure what the person is usually like (in thoughts, feelings, and behavior patterns ) Personality tests are commonly used in research or to assist with clinical diagnoses Cont’d…

4. 1. Observation and interview technique Observation : The individual is observed in various situations for several days together and some conclusions are arrived at. The client may be observed by more than one person and the observations are pooled .

5. Interview: This is the most common method of judging personality. The interviewer questions or lets the individual speak freely so as to get a clear picture of the individual. From what the client says, the interviewer knows about his interests, problems, assess, limitations

6. Pencil-and-paper test- MMPI and 16 PF Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Most commonly used personality test. Ask for answer of “true”, “false” or “cannot say” to 567 statements representing attitudes, emotional reaction, physical and psychological symptoms ,past experiences. The answers are quantitatively measured and personality assessment is done on the norm score. With the help of these responses, evaluation in terms of the important personality traits can be obtained.

7. The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) There are 16 different scales that measure the 16 factors that reflect key characteristics of the human personality. The factors are further grouped together into global factors: self-control, anxiety, extraversion, independence, and tough-mindedness.

8. Projective test Focus upon what is inside a person rather than what can be seen in person’s behaviors Through projective techniques, the covert or unconscious behavior e.g the repressed feelings, desires, hopes, ambitions, fears etc of an individual is studied

9. Types of Projective Tests Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Rorschach, also known as the 'inkblot test‘ Sentence completion test Word association test Cont’d…

10. Developed by Henry Murray in 1935. Consists of series of pictures about which a person is asked to write a story . Thematic apperception test

11. Stories are then used to draw inferences about the personality of an individual. Test consists of 31 vague and indefinite pictures, including one blank card which portray human beings in variety of actual life situations. The pictures are presented one a t a time.

12. B. Rorschach Ink Blot Test It was developed by the S wiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach in 1921. This test consists of 10 cards, 5 of them are printed in black and white and others are multi- colour .

13. The cards are unstructured and ambiguous. The cards are provided one at a time in a specified order and the subject is asked to say what he/she sees in it, what it looks like to him . The subject is allowed as much time as he wants and is permitted to give as many responses to it as he wishes. The examiner note the time taken for each response, position in which the cards are being held , emotional expression and other incidental behavior and interpretation are made .

14. C. Sentence completion test Tests include a list of incomplete sentences, generally open at the end which require completion by the subject in one or more words. Subject is asked to go through the list and answer as quickly as possible. When the subject is asked to complete without giving time on it, it is assumed that his unconscious process will direct his response. This test will give an insight to his desires, hope, conflict, frustration, fear, annoyance .

15. Example: I am worried over…………… I feel proud when…………….. My hope is ………………… My ideal is…………………….