INTELLIGENT.pptx for mac nursing students

Intelligence

1. INTELLIGENCE TESTS PRESENTED BY ANUSHREE GHORAI DEBIPRASAD PANDA MSC.NURSING 1 ST YEAR SUM NURSING COLLEGE

2. Introduction The term “ Intelligence ” is the combination of two Latin words ‘inter’ means between and ‘ legre ’ means to choose. So the term intelligence means ‘to choose between’ Intelligence provides the key to know how individuals differ from one another and what way they understand the world.

3. Definition: Intelligence “Intelligence is the tendency to take and maintain a definite direction ( goal directed behavior) the capacity to make adaptations for the purpose of attaining the desired goal; and the power for auto (self criticism) Alfred binet

4. It is the ability to think abstractly and to learn readily from experience Flynn 1987 Intelligence is the global capacity of the individual to think rationally, to act purposefully and to deal effectively with the environment Wechsler’s

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD INTELLIGENCE TEST

6. PURPOSE IN RESEARCH: 1. Assessment: To establish cognitive ability of subjects before intervention. E.g., in experimental studies, so groups are comparable in intelligence. 2. Grouping / Classification: Dividing participants into categories (high, moderate, low intelligence) for comparative studies. 3. Covariate / Control Variable: Using intelligence as a covariate: researchers control for IQ when examining other variables (e.g. learning outcomes, patient compliance) since intelligence may influence results.

7. 4.Outcome Measurement: To measure effect of interventions aimed at improving cognitive abilities (e.g. cognitive training, rehabilitation).  5. Correlational Studies: To explore relationships: e.g. intelligence vs health behaviors ; intelligence vs academic achievement; etc. 6. Instrument / Tool Validation: Intelligence tests can serve as reference (gold standard) when validating new tools that measure cognition or related constructs.

8. Classification of intelligence test A. Based on number of individuals to be tested, intelligence tests can be classified as Individual intelligence tests Group intelligence tests B. Based on the format, intelligence tests can be classified as Verbal intelligence test Non verbal intelligence test

9. Individual intelligence test In this, a single individual is tested at any single point of time Group intelligence test A group of individual are tested at a single point of time

10. Verbal or language test In there the subjects make use of language in which the instructions are given in words, written, oral or both. The individual being tested are required to use language, verbal or written for their responses

11. The test content is loaded with verbal material which may include varieties of the items listed below Vocabulary test Memory test Comprehension test Information test Reasoning test Association tests

12. Non verbal and non language test Involves activities in which the use of language is not necessary except for giving directions Performance tests are a typical example of such tests main features:- The contents of the tests are in the form of material objects. What is required for the subjects is conveyed by the tester through oral instructions, or by pantomimic & signs.

13. Types

14. Individual tests Tests involving the use of language which are administered to one individual at a time belong to this category

15. Types of individual tests are- Verbal method: In this method language ability is essential. The individual can answer through to verbal way such as reasoning memory and numerical abilities. Verbal test can not be administered to dumb, your condition or those who doesn’t understand your languages. Non verbal method: Non verbal test can administrate illiterate and natives. This test free from language barriers and do not require reading skill. Non verbal method is deals with diagram and picture. i.e. Performance test: It is one of the non verbal test but is assess the subject (person) has to do Something to rather than to some. E.g. Solve your problem assemble A pattern of blocks, assemble animal picture.

16. GROUP INTEELIGENCE TEST: In this method test can be administered to a group of individual at a time. It can be verbal, non verbal. Group intelligence test develop in America. Group intelligence test started during first war for selecting soldiers in large numbers.  

17. C. Based on Scientists: 1. Wechsler test: Wechsler adult intelligence test scale (WISE) 16-75 year Weschler intelligence test scale for children (WISC) 5-16 year. 2. The Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale 3. Ravens Progressive Matrix 4. Vineland Social Maturity Scale

18. 1. Wechsler test: It is given by American psychologist Wechsler. Each scale consists of verbal scale and performance scale. Wechsler assist the intelligence through the verbal scale involving use of word concepts and numbers. It consists of 6 subset: I. Test of general information: Ask general knowledge and individual information status particular object. e.g. ‘what is education’? what day of the year is Independence Day? II. Test of general comprehension: e.g. nature of nursing why do people buy fire insurance?

19. III. Test of Arithmetic Reasoning: Solving typical school text book problems in a given time. e.g. page no. 986-8. iv. Test of Digit Span: Listen carefully and when I am through say the numbers right after me Repeating of numbers. E.g. 6,4 v. Test of Distinction between similarity: Describe how things are alike? e.g. lion and tiger, wool and cotton. vi. Test of Vocabulary: Meaning of the word has to be given. E.g. meaning of corrupt.

20. Performance Intelligence Test: Performance scale test have 5 subtests. I. Picture arrangement test:- The picture below tell a story. Put them in the right order to tell the story. II. Picture completion Test:- Identify the missing part in complex pictures. III. Object assembly test: Making a picture out of scrambled jigsaw like pieces. IV. Block design test: Pictures of block structure to be produced by arranging coloured blocks. V. Digit Symbol test: It is arithmetic procedure to find out the answer of digit valve.

21. 2. Stanford Binet Test: It firstly introduced in 1916 by Lewis Terman, this is a new version of Binet Simen Test. It is known a Standard Binet Intelligence test form. It is an individually administered intelligence test designed to examine the cognitive ability and intelligence and diagnose developmental or intellectual deficiencies in young children and adults. It can useful for 2 years to 45 years of age. It is very effective only to 16 years of age.

22. Distribution of Intelligence quotient (IQ): IQ LEVEL INTERPRETATION Below 20 Profound MR 20-35   Severe mental retardation 35-50 Moderate MR 50-70 Mild MR 91-110 Slow learner 111-120 Average 121-140 Superior 140 and above Gifted

23. Intelligence Quotient= (Mental Age/Chronological Age) * 100 Thus, IQ= (MA/CA)*100

24. 3., Ravens Progressive Matrix: This test is given by JC Raven’s British psychologist in 1936. It based on ability to identify spatial relationship with object. This test used for 65 years . Subject has to identify the missing pattern. 4. Vineland Social Maturity Scale: This scale is devised by Doll and his associates at Vineland School in Amwrica . It naturally assess ones maturity status in a particular situation. It is a psychometric assessment instrument designed to help in the assessment of social competence . e.g. communication skill, socialization skill.

25. APPLICATIOS OF INTELLIGENCE TEST IN NURSING RESEARCH:   1 . Screening & Selection of Participants: Researchers may use intelligence tests to select participants with specific cognitive levels.  Example: In a study on dementia interventions, patients with normal IQ may be excluded. 2. Baseline Cognitive Assessment: Used before interventions to measure the initial intellectual status of participants. It helps to compare pre- and post-intervention changes. e.g., memory training, wellness programs). 3. Correlation Studies To find relationships between intelligence level and variables like: Health behaviors (diet, exercise adherence) Academic performance of nursing students Patient compliance with treatment

26. 4.Comparative Studies: Researchers can compare groups (e.g., normal IQ vs. low IQ patients) to study differences in learning health information or rehabilitation outcomes.. 5.Evaluation of Interventions: Used to assess whether interventions (e.g., geriatric wellness program, health education, cognitive therapy) improve intellectual performance 6.Epidemiological Research: ++++++++=========== Intelligence testing helps in population studies to identify prevalence of intellectual disabilities in certain groups (e.g., elderly, children, mentally ill patients). 7. Tool Validation in Nursing: Intelligence tests are sometimes used as a standard reference tool when validating new nursing assessment instruments.

27. Example in Nursing Research: A study titled “Effect of Cognitive Training on Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment” may use the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) as a tool to measure intelligence before and after intervention. Nursing research on patient education effectiveness may use intelligence tests to group participants based on IQ, then check how teaching outcomes differ.

28. Related Research Title: Validity and Reliability of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) in Clinical and Research Settings Authors: Benson, N., Hulac , D., & Kranzler, J. Journal: Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment , 2021 This study examined the psychometric properties of the WAIS-IV, one of the most widely used intelligence tests. The researchers assessed test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity in a sample of 200 adults, including both healthy individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment. Results showed high reliability across verbal and performance subscales (α = 0.89–0.95) and strong correlations with academic achievement measures, supporting its validity as a tool for both clinical diagnosis and research. The study concluded that the WAIS-IV remains a gold standard in measuring intellectual functioning, with applications in educational assessment, cognitive rehabilitation, and nursing research.

29. Conclusion Intelligence tests in nursing research provide an objective way to assess cognitive ability, support participant selection, control variables, and evaluate intervention outcomes.

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