INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ITS)

Why it’s Needed?

Traffic congestion-insufficient road development-growing number of vehicles.
Low speed, increased accident rates, increased fuel consumption, and increased pollution.
Impossible to build enough new roads or to meet the demand.
These explore the concepts that treat highway systems and the vehicles that use them as integrated system. Among them is the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems.
The goal of I T S is to improve the transportation system to make it more efficient and safer by use of information, communications and control technologies.
India is going through a period of drastic change in the transportation area due to:

Rapidly growing economy.
Insufficient and inadequate public transportation system.
Rising vehicle ownership levels.
ITS PARTS

I T S ARCHITECTURE

· Framework for planning, defining, and integrating intelligent transportation systems.

Benefits of Architecture

Reduces time and resources required to integrate the technologies to local needs
Helps identify agencies and jurisdictions & seeks their participation
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Effective and efficient operation of transit systems relies on a communications infrastructure and vehicle-based communications technologies.
Communications systems are used to transmit voice and data between transit vehicles and operation centers, and to transmit commands between operators and technologies.
Transit communications systems are comprised mostly of wireless technologies and applications.

FLEET MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

These includes separate technologies often are combined in various software packages, which allow for the integration of many different transit functions.
GIS allows transit agencies to accurately track where demand is located in their service area.
APPLICATIONS OF I T S

ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION(E T C)
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(G P S)
ADVANCED TRAVELLER INFORMATION SYSTEM(ATIS)
IN-VEHICLE TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC PASSENGER COUNTER
ADVANTAGES OF I T S

Improved safety
Better traffic flow
Lower travel cost
Better environmental quality
Increased business activity
Greater user acceptance
Better travel information
Better planning information
DISADVANTAGES OF I T S

Difficult to use in mixed traffic
Preliminary difficulties in understanding
ITS equipments costly
The control system software could be hacked by hackers
www.wikipedia.com
www.answers.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.tech-faq.com
www.thetravelinsider.info
http://www.itsoverview.its.dot.
http://www.transport systems.com
http://www.mountain-plains.org

1. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM By S. Chaitanya kumar Civil dept

2. Contents Problems in transportation Causes of road accidents Introduction Features ITS technologies Applications Advantages and disadvantages Conclusion.

3. PROBLEMS IN TRANSPORTATION…………. TRAFFIC CONGESTION FUEL CONSUMPTION ACCIDENTS

4. Causes Of Road Accidents ➢ Driver’s fault -83.5% ➢ Pedestrian fault/fault of passengers -4.7% ➢ Mechanical defect in vehicles -3% ➢ Bad roads -1.1% ➢ Bad weather -0.9% ➢ Other factors-6.8% e.g. cattle, fallen trees, road blockages, non-functioning of signals and absence of rear reflectors/road sig

5. WHAT IS I.T.S? The term intelligent transportation system (ITS) refers to efforts to add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure and vehicles in an effort to manage factors that typically are at odds with each other, such as vehicles, loads, and routes to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation times, and fuel consumption.

6. Background Situation of Promoting ITS To Solve Social Problems caused by Road To activate the Economy To reach an Advanced Information and Tele – communication Society To Co-ordinate different Transport Modes To reduce Driver’s run

7. FEATURES OF THE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORATION SYSTEM

8. Intelligent transportation technologies Wireless communications Computational technologies Sensing technologies Video vehicle detection Probe & smart vehicles The incident detection centers In vehicle information & route guide

9. (1) Wireless Communications : vRadio modem communication on UHF and VHF frequencies are widely used for short and long range communication within ITS. vLonger range communications have been proposed using infrastructure networks such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), or 3G.

10. vShort-range communications (less than 450 meters) can be accomplished using IEEE 802.11 protocols. Theoretically, the range of these protocols can be extended using Mobile ad-hoc networks or Mesh networking.

11. (2) Computational Technologies : The CTS ( Computational Transportation Science ) fellows will develop technologies in which sensors, travellers computers , in-vehicle computers, and computers in the static infrastructure. The installation of operational systems and processors in transportation vehicles have also allowed software applications and artificial intelligence systems to be installed. These systems include internal control of model based processes, ubiquitous computing and other programs designed to be integrated into a greater transportation system.

12. (3) Floating Car D ata/Floating C ellular D ata : • Non Real-time: – Manual surveys. – Video recording and manual search. – In-vehicle data recording. Real-time: – Not inductive loop (without transponder). – Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR). – GPS trace + mobile comms e.g. GSM. – Radio Signal Triangulation. – Roadside beacon + dedicated short range tag.

13. (4) Sensing Technologies : Sensing systems for Intelligent Transportation System are vehicle and infrastructure based networked systems, e.g., Intelligent vehicle technologies Pavement loops are use to sense the presence of vehicle demand at intersections and parking lot entrances.

14. Radar and acoustic sensors are also used for detecting vehicles in the roadway. Pressure pads are use to sense the presence of pedestrians waiting to cross a roadway.

15. (5) Inductive loop detection : one or more loops of wire are embedded under the road & connected to a control box. When a vehicle passes over or rests on the loop, inductance is reduced showing a vehicle is present.

16. (6) Video Vehicle Detection : Video vehicle detection (VVD) is the One of the most widely used method. Video detection is an image processor. It consists of a microprocessor-base CPU and software that analyzes video images. Using a mouse and interactive graphics, the user places virtual "detectors“ on the video image displayed on a monitor. Statistics can be progressively transmitted to a server for real-time analysis

17. Intelligent transportation applications Electronic toll collection : Electronic toll collection (ETC) makes it possible for vehicles to drive through toll gates at traffic speed, reducing congestion at toll plazas and automating toll collection.

18. The in-vehicle ecall is an emergency call generated either manually by the vehicle occupants or automatically via activation of in-vehicle sensors after an accident. Emergency vehicle notification systems :

19. A traffic enforcement camera system, consisting of a camera and a vehicle-monitoring device, is used to detect and identify vehicles disobeying a speed limit or some other road legal requirement. Automatic road enforcement

20. Collision Avoidance Systems : Intersection Collision Warning Obstacle Detection Lane Change assistance Lane Departure Warning

21. Collision Avoidance Systems… Rollover Warning Road Departure Warning Forward collision Warning Rear Impact Warning

22. Benefits of ITS : Time Savings Better emergency response times and service s Reduced Crashes and Fatalities Cost Avoidance Increased Customer Satisfaction Energy and Environmental Benefits Decreasing of probability of congestion occurrence .

23. Advantages Improved safety Better traffic flow Lower travel cost Better environmental quality Increased business activity Greater user acceptance Better travel information Better planning information

24. Disadvantages Difficult to use in mixed traffic Preliminary difficulties in understanding ITS equipments costly The control system software could be hacked by hackers

25. CONCLUSION Road safety has become a pressing issue in India. The number of deaths has reached upto 80,0000 The rapid increase in eSafety is in growing demand to the day. The making of new vehicles should be well equipped with necessary technologies. To change the road user culture. This includes stronger levels of traffic regulation and enforcement.

26. References : www.wikipedia.com www.answers.com www.howstuffworks.com www.tech-faq.com www.thetravelinsider.info http://www.itsoverview.its.dot . http://www.transport systems.com http://www.mountain-plains.org